matplotlib：颜色条及其文本标签

Question

我想为热图创建一个颜色条图例，使标签位于每个离散颜色的中心。请参阅例如波纹管（borrowed from here）

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap 

#discrete color scheme 
cMap = ListedColormap(['white', 'green', 'blue','red']) 

#data 
np.random.seed(42) 
data = np.random.rand(4, 4) 
fig, ax = plt.subplots() 
heatmap = ax.pcolor(data, cmap=cMap) 

#legend 
cbar = plt.colorbar(heatmap) 
cbar.ax.set_yticklabels(['0','1','2','>3']) 
cbar.set_label('# of contacts', rotation=270) 

# put the major ticks at the middle of each cell 
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]) + 0.5, minor=False) 
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]) + 0.5, minor=False) 
ax.invert_yaxis() 

#lebels 
column_labels = list('ABCD') 
row_labels = list('WXYZ') 
ax.set_xticklabels(column_labels, minor=False) 
ax.set_yticklabels(row_labels, minor=False) 

plt.show() 

产生以下情节：

理想情况下，我想生成具有四种色彩的传奇人物栏和每个颜色，在标签其中心：0,1,2,3，> 4

Answer 1

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import numpy as np 
from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap 

#discrete color scheme 
cMap = ListedColormap(['white', 'green', 'blue','red']) 

#data 
np.random.seed(42) 
data = np.random.rand(4, 4) 
fig, ax = plt.subplots() 
heatmap = ax.pcolor(data, cmap=cMap) 

#legend 
cbar = plt.colorbar(heatmap) 

cbar.ax.get_yaxis().set_ticks([]) 
for j, lab in enumerate(['$0$','$1$','$2$','$>3$']): 
    cbar.ax.text(.5, (2 * j + 1)/8.0, lab, ha='center', va='center') 
cbar.ax.get_yaxis().labelpad = 15 
cbar.ax.set_ylabel('# of contacts', rotation=270) 


# put the major ticks at the middle of each cell 
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(data.shape[1]) + 0.5, minor=False) 
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(data.shape[0]) + 0.5, minor=False) 
ax.invert_yaxis() 

#lebels 
column_labels = list('ABCD') 
row_labels = list('WXYZ') 
ax.set_xticklabels(column_labels, minor=False) 
ax.set_yticklabels(row_labels, minor=False) 

plt.show() 

你非常接近。一旦你有了一个颜色棒轴的参考，你可以做任何你想做的事情，包括把文本标签放在中间。您可能想要使用格式来使其更加明显。