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使用Pimia印度人糖尿病数据集我已经建立了下列顺序模型:Keras + Tensorflow奇怪的结果
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy
from keras import callbacks
from keras import optimizers
from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.callbacks import ModelCheckpoint
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
#TensorBoard callback for visualization of training history
tb = callbacks.TensorBoard(log_dir='./logs/latest', histogram_freq=10, batch_size=32,
write_graph=True, write_grads=True, write_images=False,
embeddings_freq=0, embeddings_layer_names=None, embeddings_metadata=None)
# Early stopping - Stop training before overfitting
early_stop = callbacks.EarlyStopping(monitor='val_loss', min_delta=0, patience=3, verbose=1, mode='auto')
# fix random seed for reproducibility
seed = 42
numpy.random.seed(seed)
# load pima indians dataset
dataset = numpy.loadtxt("pima-indians-diabetes.csv", delimiter=",")
# split into input (X) and output (Y) variables
X = dataset[:, 0:8]
Y = dataset[:, 8]
# Standardize features by removing the mean and scaling to unit variance
scaler = StandardScaler()
X = scaler.fit_transform(X)
#ADAM Optimizer with learning rate decay
opt = optimizers.Adam(lr=0.0001, beta_1=0.9, beta_2=0.999, epsilon=1e-08, decay=0.0001)
## Create our model
model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(12, input_dim=8, kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(8, kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(1, kernel_initializer='uniform', activation='sigmoid'))
# Compile the model using binary crossentropy since we are predicting 0/1
model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy',
optimizer=opt,
metrics=['accuracy'])
# checkpoint
filepath="./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5"
checkpoint = ModelCheckpoint(filepath, monitor='val_acc', verbose=1, save_best_only=True, mode='max')
# Fit the model
history = model.fit(X, Y, validation_split=0.33, epochs=10000, batch_size=10, verbose=0, callbacks=[tb,early_stop,checkpoint])
# list all data in history
print(history.history.keys())
# summarize history for accuracy
plt.plot(history.history['acc'])
plt.plot(history.history['val_acc'])
plt.title('model accuracy')
plt.ylabel('accuracy')
plt.xlabel('epoch')
plt.legend(['train', 'test'], loc='upper left')
plt.show()
# summarize history for loss
plt.plot(history.history['loss'])
plt.plot(history.history['val_loss'])
plt.title('model loss')
plt.ylabel('loss')
plt.xlabel('epoch')
plt.legend(['train', 'test'], loc='upper left')
plt.show()
我已经添加提早终止,检查点和Tensorboard回调,并得到了以下结果:
Epoch 00000: val_acc improved from -inf to 0.67323, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
Epoch 00001: val_acc did not improve
...
Epoch 00024: val_acc improved from 0.67323 to 0.67323, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
...
Epoch 00036: val_acc improved from 0.76378 to 0.76378, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
...
Epoch 00044: val_acc improved from 0.79921 to 0.80709, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
...
Epoch 00050: val_acc improved from 0.80709 to 0.80709, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
...
Epoch 00053: val_acc improved from 0.80709 to 0.81102, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
...
Epoch 00257: val_acc improved from 0.81102 to 0.81102, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
...
Epoch 00297: val_acc improved from 0.81102 to 0.81496, saving model to ./checkpoints/weights.best.hdf5
Epoch 00298: val_acc did not improve
Epoch 00299: val_acc did not improve
Epoch 00300: val_acc did not improve
Epoch 00301: val_acc did not improve
Epoch 00302: val_acc did not improve
Epoch 00302: early stopping
所以根据日志,我的模型精度是0.81496。奇怪的是,验证的准确性高于训练的准确性(0.81 vs 0.76),验证损失低于训练损失(0.41 vs 0.47)。
问:我缺少什么,需要什么我的代码更改,以解决这个问题?
我会洗牌的数据集,看它是否解决了这个问题。 –
有没有这样做的keras方式? –
Hm,[*如果'model.fit'中的'shuffle'参数设置为True(默认值),则训练数据将在每个时期随机洗牌*](https://keras.io/getting -started /常见问题/#是最数据改组-期间训练)。 –