使用python和tkinter实时绘制串行数据

Question

我一直在努力寻找一种方法来绘制来自arduino的输入数据与Python GUI。我能够使用Matplotlib动画函数完成此操作，以读取6个不同的变量，并在另一个子图上的一个子图2上绘制4个2。这可以做得足够快，它实时绘制图形（每秒20个采样点）。

我现在需要修改系统以在同一时间读取12个不同的变量，其中8个绘图。 4在另一个小区4上以相同的速率每秒20个采样。我一直无法得到这个工作，并尝试了一些不同的东西，并做了大量的研究，但似乎无法弄清楚如何用我有限的python知识来做到这一点。我不是很熟悉多处理或多线程，但他们似乎是人们能够加快绘图过程的方式。我知道matplotlib动画函数本身是线程化的，所以我不确定线程​​有多大帮助，或者如果有一种方法可以在一个线程中读取并在另一个线程中更新图形。我在Arduino支持250000的最高波特率下运行。我也能找到一个例子，其中有人能够在这篇文章中获得非常高速的阴谋，但还没有能够修改为我的使用：What is the best real time plotting widget for wxPython?

的数据被从接收的Arduino这样的：

integer.integer.integer | integer.integer.integer | integer.integer.integer | integer.integer.integer

其中管代表一个新的执行器（每个变量im发送来自什么）

我是相当新的python s Ø对不起，如果这个心不是那么Python的，但这里有两个例子，我有： 这是使用动画功能的GUI：

import Tkinter 
import serial 
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg 
from matplotlib.figure import Figure 
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 
import matplotlib.animation as animation 
from collections import deque 
import random 

class App: 
    def __init__(self, master): 

     self.arduinoData = serial.Serial('com5', 250000)#115200) 

     frame = Tkinter.Frame(master) 

     self.running = False 
     self.ani = None 

     self.start = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="Start", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10) 
     self.start.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20) 

     self.run = Tkinter.Button(self.start, text="RUN", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.getData) 
     self.run.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5) 

     self.stop_frame = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="STOP", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10) 
     self.stop_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=20) 

     self.stop = Tkinter.Button(self.stop_frame, text="STOP", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.stopTest) 
     self.stop.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5) 

     self.fig = plt.Figure() 
     self.ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(211) 
     self.line0, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line1, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line2, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line3, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.ax2 = self.fig.add_subplot(212) 
     self.line4, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line5, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line6, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line7, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master) 
     self.canvas.show() 
     self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, column=4, padx=20, pady=20) 
     frame.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20) 

    def getData(self): 
     if self.ani is None: 
      self.k = 0 
      self.arduinoData.flushInput() 
      self.arduinoData.write("<L>") 
      return self.start() 
     else: 
      self.arduinoData.write("<L>") 
      self.arduinoData.flushInput() 
      self.ani.event_source.start() 
     self.running = not self.running 

    def stopTest(self): 
     self.arduinoData.write("<H>") 
     if self.running: 
      self.ani.event_source.stop() 
     self.running = not self.running 

    def resetTest(self): 
     self.k = 0 
     self.xdata = [] 
     self.pressure1 = [] 
     self.displacement1 = [] 
     self.cycle1 = [] 
     self.pressure2 = [] 
     self.displacement2 = [] 
     self.cycle2 = [] 
     self.pressure3 = [] 
     self.displacement3 = [] 
     self.cycle3 = [] 
     self.pressure4 = [] 
     self.displacement4 = [] 
     self.cycle4 = [] 
     self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata1) 
     self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata2) 
     self.ax1.set_ylim(0,1) 
     self.ax1.set_xlim(0,1) 
     self.ax2.set_ylim(0,1) 
     self.ax2.set_xlim(0,1) 

    def start(self): 
     self.xdata = [] 
     self.pressure1 = [] 
     self.displacement1 = [] 
     self.cycle1 = [] 
     self.pressure2 = [] 
     self.displacement2 = [] 
     self.cycle2 = [] 
     self.pressure3 = [] 
     self.displacement3 = [] 
     self.cycle3 = [] 
     self.pressure4 = [] 
     self.displacement4 = [] 
     self.cycle4 = [] 
     self.k = 0 
     self.arduinoData.flushInput() 
     self.ani = animation.FuncAnimation(
      self.fig, 
      self.update_graph, 
      interval=1, 
      repeat=True) 
     self.arduinoData.write("<L>") 
     self.running = True 
     self.ani._start() 

    def update_graph(self, i): 
     self.xdata.append(self.k) 
     while (self.arduinoData.inWaiting()==0): 
      pass 
     x = self.arduinoData.readline() 
     strip_data = x.strip() 
     split_data = x.split("|") 
     actuator1 = split_data[0].split(".") 
     actuator2 = split_data[1].split(".") 
     actuator3 = split_data[2].split(".") 
     actuator4 = split_data[3].split(".") 
     self.pressure1.append(int(actuator1[0])) 
     self.displacement1.append(int(actuator1[1])) 
     self.cycle1 = int(actuator1[2]) 
     self.pressure2.append(int(actuator2[0])) 
     self.displacement2.append(int(actuator2[1])) 
     self.cycle2 = int(actuator2[2]) 
     self.pressure3.append(int(actuator3[0])) 
     self.displacement3.append(int(actuator3[1])) 
     self.cycle3 = int(actuator3[2]) 
     self.pressure4.append(int(actuator4[0])) 
     self.displacement4.append(int(actuator4[1])) 
     self.cycle4 = int(actuator4[2]) 
     self.line0.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure1) 
     self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure2) 
     self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure3) 
     self.line3.set_data(self.xdata, self.pressure4) 
     self.line4.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement1) 
     self.line5.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement2) 
     self.line6.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement3) 
     self.line7.set_data(self.xdata, self.displacement4) 
     if self.k < 49: 
      self.ax1.set_ylim(min(self.pressure1)-1, max(self.pressure3) + 1) 
      self.ax1.set_xlim(0, self.k+1) 
      self.ax2.set_ylim(min(self.displacement1)-1, max(self.displacement3) + 1) 
      self.ax2.set_xlim(0, self.k+1) 
     elif self.k >= 49: 
      self.ax1.set_ylim(min(self.pressure1[self.k-49:self.k])-1, max(self.pressure3[self.k-49:self.k]) + 1) 
      self.ax1.set_xlim(self.xdata[self.k-49], self.xdata[self.k-1]) 
      self.ax2.set_ylim(min(self.displacement1[self.k-49:self.k])-1, max(self.displacement3[self.k-49:self.k]) + 1) 
      self.ax2.set_xlim(self.xdata[self.k-49], self.xdata[self.k-1]) 
     self.k += 1 




root = Tkinter.Tk() 
app = App(root) 
root.mainloop() 

这是打印到监视器GUI：

import Tkinter 
import serial 
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import FigureCanvasTkAgg 
from matplotlib.figure import Figure 
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 
import matplotlib.animation as animation 
import time 

class App: 
    def __init__(self, master): 

     self.arduinoData = serial.Serial('com5', 250000, timeout=0) 

     frame = Tkinter.Frame(master) 

     self.go = 0 

     self.start = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="Start", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10) 
     self.start.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20) 

     self.run = Tkinter.Button(self.start, text="RUN", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.getData) 
     self.run.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5) 

     self.stop_frame = Tkinter.LabelFrame(frame, text="STOP", borderwidth=10, relief=Tkinter.GROOVE, padx=10, pady=10) 
     self.stop_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=20, pady=20) 

     self.stop = Tkinter.Button(self.stop_frame, text="STOP", bd=10, height=5, width=10, command=self.stopTest) 
     self.stop.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=5, pady=5) 

     self.fig = plt.Figure() 
     self.ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(211) 
     self.line0, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line1, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line2, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line3, = self.ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.ax2 = self.fig.add_subplot(212) 
     self.line4, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line5, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line6, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.line7, = self.ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
     self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,master=master) 
     self.canvas.show() 
     self.canvas.get_tk_widget().grid(row=0, column=4, padx=20, pady=20) 
     frame.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=20, pady=20) 

    def getData(self): 
     self.k = 0 
     self.xdata = [] 
     self.pressure1 = [] 
     self.displacement1 = [] 
     self.cycle1 = [] 
     self.pressure2 = [] 
     self.displacement2 = [] 
     self.cycle2 = [] 
     self.pressure3 = [] 
     self.displacement3 = [] 
     self.cycle3 = [] 
     self.pressure4 = [] 
     self.displacement4 = [] 
     self.cycle4 = [] 
     self.arduinoData.flushInput() 
     self.go = 1 
     self.readData() 

    def readData(self): 
     if self.go == 1: 
      self.xdata.append(self.k) 
      while (self.arduinoData.inWaiting()==0): 
       pass 
      x = self.arduinoData.readline() 
      strip_data = x.strip() 
      split_data = x.split("|") 
      actuator1 = split_data[0].split(".") 
      actuator2 = split_data[1].split(".") 
      actuator3 = split_data[2].split(".") 
      actuator4 = split_data[3].split(".") 
      self.pressure1.append(int(actuator1[0])) 
      self.displacement1.append(int(actuator1[1])) 
      self.cycle1 = int(actuator1[2]) 
      self.pressure2.append(int(actuator2[0])) 
      self.displacement2.append(int(actuator2[1])) 
      self.cycle2 = int(actuator2[2]) 
      self.pressure3.append(int(actuator3[0])) 
      self.displacement3.append(int(actuator3[1])) 
      self.cycle3 = int(actuator3[2]) 
      self.pressure4.append(int(actuator4[0])) 
      self.displacement4.append(int(actuator4[1])) 
      self.cycle4 = int(actuator4[2]) 
      self.printData() 
      root.after(0, self.readData) 


    def printData(self): 
     print str(self.pressure1[self.k-1]) + " " + 
     str(self.displacement1[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle1) + " " + 
     str(self.pressure2[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.displacement2[self.k- 
     1]) + " " + str(self.cycle2) + " " + str(self.pressure3[self.k-1]) + 
     " " + str(self.displacement3[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle3) + " 
     " + str(self.pressure4[self.k-1]) + " " + 
     str(self.displacement4[self.k-1]) + " " + str(self.cycle4) 

    def stopTest(self): 
     self.arduinoData.write("<H>") 
     self.go = 0 


    def resetTest(self): 
     self.k = 0 
     self.xdata = [] 
     self.pressure1 = [] 
     self.displacement1 = [] 
     self.cycle1 = [] 
     self.pressure2 = [] 
     self.displacement2 = [] 
     self.cycle2 = [] 
     self.pressure3 = [] 
     self.displacement3 = [] 
     self.cycle3 = [] 
     self.pressure4 = [] 
     self.displacement4 = [] 
     self.cycle4 = [] 
     self.line1.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata1) 
     self.line2.set_data(self.xdata, self.ydata2) 
     self.ax1.set_ylim(0,1) 
     self.ax1.set_xlim(0,1) 
     self.ax2.set_ylim(0,1) 
     self.ax2.set_xlim(0,1) 

    def start(self): 
     self.xdata = [] 
     self.pressure1 = [] 
     self.displacement1 = [] 
     self.cycle1 = [] 
     self.pressure2 = [] 
     self.displacement2 = [] 
     self.cycle2 = [] 
     self.pressure3 = [] 
     self.displacement3 = [] 
     self.cycle3 = [] 
     self.pressure4 = [] 
     self.displacement4 = [] 
     self.cycle4 = [] 
     self.k = 0 
     self.arduinoData.write("<L>") 

root = Tkinter.Tk() 
app = App(root) 
root.mainloop() 

和这里是一个例子arduino代码：

int analog0 = 0; 
int analog1 = 1; 
int analog2 = 2; 

int sensor0; 
int sensor1; 
int sensor2; 

String pot0; 
String pot1; 
String Force; 

int pot0holder; 
int pot1holder; 
String Forceholder; 

unsigned long i = 0; 
String Is; 

int val = 0; 

boolean Sensordata = false; 
int cycles; 

const byte numChars = 32; 
char receivedChars[numChars]; 
boolean newData = false; 

unsigned long CurrentMillis = 0; 
unsigned long PrintMillis = 0; 
int PrintValMillis = 50; 
unsigned long SensorMillis = 0; 
int SensorValMillis = 0; 

void setup() { 
    // put your setup code here, to run once: 
    Serial.begin(250000); 
} 

void loop() 
{ 
    CurrentMillis = millis(); 
    recvWithStartEndMarkers(); 
    commands(); 
    sensordata(); 
} 

void sensordata() 
{ 
    if (CurrentMillis - SensorMillis >= SensorValMillis) 
    { 
    sensor0 = analogRead(analog0); 
    pot0holder = sensor0; 
    sensor1 = analogRead(analog1); 
    pot1holder = sensor1; 
    i += 1; 
    String potcolumn = String(pot0holder) + "." + String(pot1holder) + "." + String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+30) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+30) + "." + String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+60) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+60) + "." + String(i) + "|" + String(int(pot0holder)+90) + "." + String(int(pot1holder)+90) + "." + String(i); 
    Serial.println(potcolumn); 
    SensorMillis += SensorValMillis; 
    } 
} 

void recvWithStartEndMarkers() 
{ 
    static boolean recvInProgress = false; //creates variable visible to only one function with boolean 
    static byte ndx = 0; 
    char startMarker = '<'; //sets begin condition 
    char endMarker = '>'; //sets end condition 
    char rc; //sets variable type to char 

    while (Serial.available() > 0 && newData == false) { 
     rc = Serial.read(); //sets rc equal to serial value 

     if (recvInProgress == true) { 
      if (rc != endMarker) { 
       receivedChars[ndx] = rc; 
       ndx++; 
       if (ndx >= numChars) { 
        ndx = numChars - 1; 
       } 
      } 
      else { 
       receivedChars[ndx] = '\0'; // terminate the string 
       recvInProgress = false; 
       ndx = 0; 
       newData = true; 
      } 
     } 
     else if (rc == startMarker) { 
      recvInProgress = true; 
     } 
    } 
} 

void commands() 
{ 
    if (newData == true) 
    { 
    if (receivedChars[0] == 'T') 
    { 
     PrintValMillis = atoi(&receivedChars[1]); //atoi -> Converting strings to integer 
    } 
    else if (receivedChars[0] == 'S') 
    { 
     cycles = atoi(&receivedChars[1]); 
     i = 0; 
    } 
     else if (receivedChars[0] == 'L') 
    { 
     val = atoi(&receivedChars[1]); 
     i = 0; 
    } 
    } 
    newData = false; 
} 

在此先感谢任何人的任何帮助或建议。

Answer 1

所以你的阅读过程需要大部分时间。我会把读数放在一个单独的任务中，并对主（绘图）过程中的数据进行评估/拆分。不幸的是，我不是一个tkinter用户，所以我没有任何特殊的gui框架写这个。但我认为你可以根据你的需求来调整它。

这看起来就像是：

import numpy as np 
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt 
import matplotlib.animation as animation 
import multiprocessing as mp 
import time 


# global variables 
fig = plt.figure(1) 
# first sub-plot 
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(211) 
line1, = ax1.plot([], [], lw=2) 
ax1.grid() 
xdata1, ydata1 = [], [] 
# second sub-plot 
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(212) 
line2, = ax2.plot([], [], lw=2) 
ax2.grid() 
xdata2, ydata2 = [], [] 

# the multiprocessing queue 
q = mp.Queue() 

# data generator in separate process 
# here would be your arduino data reader 
def dataGen(output): 
    for x in range(50): 
     output.put((x, np.sin(x))) 

# update first subplot 
def update1(data): 
    # update the data 
    t, y = data 
    xdata1.append(t) 
    ydata1.append(y) 
    xmin, xmax = ax1.get_xlim() 
    ymin, ymax = ax1.get_ylim() 

    if t >= xmax: 
     ax1.set_xlim(xmin, 2*xmax) 
    if y >= ymax: 
     ax1.set_ylim(ymin, 2*ymax) 
    if y <= ymin: 
     ax1.set_ylim(2*ymin, ymax) 
    line1.set_data(xdata1, ydata1) 

    return line1, 

# update second subplot 
def update2(data): 
    # update the data 
    t, y = data 
    xdata2.append(t) 
    ydata2.append(y) 
    xmin, xmax = ax2.get_xlim() 
    ymin, ymax = ax2.get_ylim() 

    if t >= xmax: 
     ax2.set_xlim(xmin, 2*xmax) 
    if y >= ymax: 
     ax2.set_ylim(ymin, 2*ymax) 
    if y <= ymin: 
     ax2.set_ylim(2*ymin, ymax) 
    line2.set_data(xdata2, ydata2) 

    return line2, 

# called at each drawing frame 
def run(data): 
    # get data from queue, which is filled in separate process, blocks until 
    # data is available 
    data = q.get(block=True, timeout=.5) 
    # put here your variable separation 
    data1 = (2*data[0], 3*data[1]) 
    data2 = (data[0], data[1]) 
    #provide the data to the plots 
    a = update1(data1) 
    b = update2(data2) 
    fig.canvas.draw() 
    return a+b 

if __name__ == "__main__": 
    # count of reader processes 
    n_proc = 1 
    # setup workers 
    pool = [mp.Process(target=dataGen, args=(q,)) for x in range(n_proc)] 
    for p in pool: 
     p.daemon = True 
     p.start() 

    # wait a few sec for the process to become alive 
    time.sleep(3) 

    # start your drawing 
    ani = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, run, frames=60, blit=True, interval=10, 
            repeat=False) 
    plt.show() 

    print('done')