差异在C++

Question

const关键字在C++中，我有一些麻烦了解其中使用const，这3种方式的区别：

int get() const {return x;}   
const int& get() {return x;}  
const int& get() const {return x;} 

我想有例子来帮助我明白了一个明确的解释差异。

Answer 1

这里是最const例如：

class Foo 
{ 
    const int * const get() const {return 0;} 
    \_______/ \___/  \___/ 
     |   |   ^-this means that the function can be called on a const object 
     |   ^-this means that the pointer that is returned is const itself 
     ^-this means that the pointer returned points to a const int  
}; 

你的具体情况

//returns some integer by copy; can be called on a const object: 
int get() const {return x;}   
//returns a const reference to some integer, can be called on non-cost objects: 
const int& get() {return x;}  
//returns a const reference to some integer, can be called on a const object: 
const int& get() const {return x;} 

This question介绍一点关于const成员函数。

Const参考也可以用于prolong the lifetime of temporaries。

Answer 2

(1) int get() const {return x;} 

这里我们有两种优点，

1. const and non-const class object can call this function. 

    const A obj1; 
    A obj1; 

    obj1.get(); 
    obj2.get(); 

    2. this function will not modify the member variables for the class 

    class A 
    { 
     public: 
     int a; 
     A() 
     { 
      a=0; 
     } 
     int get() const 
     { 
      a=20;   // error: increment of data-member 'A::a' in read-only structure 
      return x; 
     } 
    } 

虽然由常数函数改变类[A]的成员变量，编译器会引发错误。

(2) const int& get() {return x;} 

将指针返回到常量整数引用。

(3)const int& get() const {return x;} 

它是组合答案（2）和（3）。