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我们面临着一个很奇怪的问题，当我们使用Liquibase执行以下变更：liquibase无法更新DB和/或很慢
<databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.3.xsd">
<changeSet id="add companyinfo.identifier" author="domi">
<addColumn tableName="companyinfo">
<column name="identifier" type="VARCHAR(50)" />
</addColumn>
</changeSet>
<changeSet id="add uk companyinfo.identifier" author="domi">
<addUniqueConstraint columnNames="identifier"
tableName="companyinfo"
constraintName="uk_companyinfo_identifier"/>
</changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>
变更集添加新列（identifier），以表companyinfo并在同一列上定义一个唯一约束。该表有约1'500'000条记录。
这些变更集针对MySQL（版本5.5.54）执行，org.liquibase:liquibase-maven-plugin:3.5.3:update maven插件/目标由Jenkins管道脚本触发。 （Jenkins和DB位于美国东海岸）。 我们使用JDBC驱动程序是：mysql:mysql-connector-java:5.1.41
通常我们没有任何问题liquibase，但是当我们运行这个变更，我们总是恰好2个小时后获得类似这样的错误：
[INFO] --- liquibase-maven-plugin:3.5.3:update (default) @ persistence ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Executing on Database: jdbc:mysql://yyyy.xxxx.net:3306/my_db?characterEncoding=utf8
INFO 5/2/17 5:11 PM: liquibase: Successfully acquired change log lock
INFO 5/2/17 5:11 PM: liquibase: Reading from DATABASECHANGELOG
SEVERE 5/2/17 7:11 PM: liquibase: src/main/resources/db/db.changelog-master.xml: db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml::add companyinfo.identifier::domi: Change Set db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml::add add companyinfo.identifier::domi failed. Error: Communications link failure
The last packet successfully received from the server was 7,200,055 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 7,200,054 milliseconds ago. [Failed SQL: ALTER TABLE companyinfo ADD identifier VARCHAR(50) NULL]
INFO 5/2/17 7:11 PM: liquibase: db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml::add companyinfo.identifier::domi: Successfully released change log lock
SEVERE 5/2/17 7:11 PM: liquibase: db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml::add companyinfo.identifier::domi: Could not release lock
liquibase.exception.LockException: liquibase.exception.DatabaseException: Error executing SQL UPDATE DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK SET LOCKED = 0, LOCKEDBY = NULL, LOCKGRANTED = NULL WHERE ID = 1: No operations allowed after connection closed.
at liquibase.lockservice.StandardLockService.releaseLock(StandardLockService.java:283)
at liquibase.Liquibase.update(Liquibase.java:218)
at liquibase.Liquibase.update(Liquibase.java:192)
at liquibase.Liquibase.update(Liquibase.java:335)
at org.liquibase.maven.plugins.LiquibaseUpdate.doUpdate(LiquibaseUpdate.java:33)
at org.liquibase.maven.plugins.AbstractLiquibaseUpdateMojo.performLiquibaseTask(AbstractLiquibaseUpdateMojo.java:30)
at org.liquibase.maven.plugins.AbstractLiquibaseMojo.execute(AbstractLiquibaseMojo.java:394)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:134)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:208)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:153)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:145)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:116)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:80)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:307)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:193)
at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:106)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:862)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:286)
at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:197)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
Caused by: liquibase.exception.DatabaseException: Error executing SQL UPDATE DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK SET LOCKED = 0, LOCKEDBY = NULL, LOCKGRANTED = NULL WHERE ID = 1: No operations allowed after connection closed.
at liquibase.executor.jvm.JdbcExecutor.execute(JdbcExecutor.java:68)
at liquibase.executor.jvm.JdbcExecutor.update(JdbcExecutor.java:231)
at liquibase.executor.jvm.JdbcExecutor.update(JdbcExecutor.java:205)
at liquibase.lockservice.StandardLockService.releaseLock(StandardLockService.java:267)
... 28 more
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: No operations allowed after connection closed.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:408)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:918)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:897)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:886)
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:860)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.throwConnectionClosedException(ConnectionImpl.java:1198)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.checkClosed(ConnectionImpl.java:1193)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createStatement(ConnectionImpl.java:2388)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.createStatement(ConnectionImpl.java:2372)
at liquibase.executor.jvm.JdbcExecutor.execute(JdbcExecutor.java:52)
... 31 more
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: Communications link failure
The last packet successfully received from the server was 7,200,055 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 7,200,054 milliseconds ago.
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:425)
当我运行的命令与我的笔记本电脑上执行的Liquibase相同，不是通过JDBC，而是通过连接到上述相同数据库的SequelPro MySql客户端（瑞士的客户端，美国东海岸的DB）运行相同的命令，它成功完成，没有任何问题15分钟。
这些Liquibase执行语句：
-- *********************************************************************
-- Update Database Script
-- *********************************************************************
-- Change Log: src/main/resources/db/db.changelog-master.xml
-- Ran at: 5/3/17 7:55 AM
-- Against: [email protected]@jdbc:mysql://yyyy.xxxx.net:3306/my_db?characterEncoding=utf8
-- Liquibase version: 3.5.3
-- *********************************************************************
-- Lock Database
UPDATE DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK SET LOCKED = 1, LOCKEDBY = 'xxxxx (192.168.1.24)', LOCKGRANTED = '2017-05-03 07:55:44.564' WHERE ID = 1 AND LOCKED = 0;
-- Changeset db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml::add companyinfo.identifier::domi
ALTER TABLE companyinfo ADD identifier VARCHAR(50) NULL;
INSERT INTO DATABASECHANGELOG (ID, AUTHOR, FILENAME, DATEEXECUTED, ORDEREXECUTED, MD5SUM, DESCRIPTION, COMMENTS, EXECTYPE, CONTEXTS, LABELS, LIQUIBASE, DEPLOYMENT_ID) VALUES ('add companyinfo.identifier', 'domi', 'db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml', NOW(), 838, '7:b2d3082917bf3ff3aecb6cbc363a5e9c', 'add companyinfo.identifier', '', 'EXECUTED', NULL, NULL, '3.5.3', '3790945685');
-- Changeset db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml::add uk companyinfo.identifier::domi
ALTER TABLE companyinfo ADD CONSTRAINT uk_companyinfo_identifier UNIQUE (identifier);
INSERT INTO DATABASECHANGELOG (ID, AUTHOR, FILENAME, DATEEXECUTED, ORDEREXECUTED, MD5SUM, DESCRIPTION, COMMENTS, EXECTYPE, CONTEXTS, LABELS, LIQUIBASE, DEPLOYMENT_ID) VALUES ('add uk companyinfo.identifier', 'domi', 'db/changelog/db.changelog-companyinfo_identifier.xml', NOW(), 839, '7:5d98affa45f814b9ad32bc9c954ed32b', 'addUniqueConstraint constraintName=uk_companyinfo_identifier, tableName=companyinfo', '', 'EXECUTED', NULL, NULL, '3.5.3', '3790945685');
-- Release Database Lock
UPDATE DATABASECHANGELOGLOCK SET LOCKED = 0, LOCKEDBY = NULL, LOCKGRANTED = NULL WHERE ID = 1;
据我所知，在DB没有超时组将匹配2个小时的限制：
wait_timeout设置为28.8K秒（8小时）interactive_timeout：28800salve_net_timeout：3600（1小时）connect_timeout：10lock_wait_timeout：31536000net_read_timeout：30net_write_timeout：60innodb_lock_wait_timeout：50
我觉得有两个问题，这很有意思：
- 什么导致liquibase失败后失败两个小时？
- 为什么DDL执行速度比liquibase慢得多？
...但也许这两个问题都有相同的答案
更新：我已经执行完全相同的行家/ liquibase命令，我从詹金斯触发现在从我的本地ENV（也连接到相同的远程数据库） - 并猜测：它的作用就像一个魅力，根本没有问题 - 命令在20分钟内完成！
mvn -f pom.xml process-resources -Pupdate-db -Dliquibase.username=xxx -Dliquibase.password=xxxx -Dliquibase.url=jdbc:mysql://yyyy.xxxx.net:3306/my_db:3306/yooture_ci?characterEncoding=utf8
所以我最后的猜测是我们的CI基础设施和数据库之间必然存在一些导致问题的东西，但是什么？它的工作原理永远，只是没有在这种情况下...