为什么这个pygame代码不起作用？

Question

有人可以帮助我这个代码吗？我似乎拥有使桨板四处移动所需的一切。另外，在第146-149行中，我注释了一个碰撞检查器，它在运行时会返回一个错误。错误表示'Paddle对象没有属性精灵'。有人请帮忙。谢谢。

import pygame 
import random 
from pygame import * 

pygame.init() 
#COLORS 
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) 
WHITE = (255, 255, 255) 
RED = (255, 0, 0) 
ORANGE = (255, 117, 26) 
YELLOW = (255, 255, 0) 
GREEN = (51, 204, 51) 
BLUE = (0, 102, 255) 
PURPLE = (153, 0, 204) 
#INT 
size = (800, 600) 
paddlesize = (100, 15) 
blockx = 20 
blocky = 75 
paddlex = 350 
paddley = 565 
ballx = 396 
bally = 553 
x_coord = 100 
y_coord = 100 
x_speed = 0 
y_speed = 0 
colorlistnum = 0 
BALLSIZE = 5 
#OTHER 
paddle_dir = '' 
font = pygame.font.SysFont("Calibri", 25, True, False) 

colorlist = [RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE] 

pygame.display.set_caption("Breakout") 
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size) 
clock = pygame.time.Clock() 

class Paddle(pygame.sprite.Sprite): 
    def __init__(self): 
     super().__init__() 
     self.image = pygame.Surface(paddlesize) 
     self.image.fill(WHITE) 
     self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 
     self.rect.x = paddlex 
     self.rect.y = paddley 
     self.change_x = 0 
     self.change_y = 0 
    def update(self): 
     self.rect.x += self.change_x 
     self.rect.y += self.change_y 

class Block(pygame.sprite.Sprite): 
    def __init__(self, color): 
     super().__init__() 
     self.image = pygame.Surface([60, 20]) 
     self.image.fill(color) 
     self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 

class Ball(pygame.sprite.Sprite): 
    def __init__(self): 
     super().__init__() 
     self.image = pygame.Surface((12, 12)) 
     self.image.fill(WHITE) 
     self.rect = self.image.get_rect() 
     self.x = 396 
     self.y = 553 
     self.width = 10 
     self.height = 10 
     self.change_x = 0 
     self.change_y = 0 

all_sprites_list = pygame.sprite.Group() 

block_list = pygame.sprite.Group() 

bullet_list = pygame.sprite.Group() 

for i in range(72): 
    block = Block(colorlist[colorlistnum]) 

    block.rect.x = blockx 
    block.rect.y = blocky 
    block_list.add(block) 
    all_sprites_list.add(block) 
    blockx += 70 
    if colorlistnum == 5 and blockx >= 730: 
     break 
    if blockx > 774: 
     colorlistnum += 1 
     blocky += 30 
     blockx = 20 

def make_ball(): 
     ball = Ball() 

     ball.change_x = random.randrange(-2, 3) 
     ball.change_y = random.randrange(-2, 3) 

     return ball 

ball = make_ball() 
ball_list = [] 
ball_list.append(ball) 

paddle = Paddle() 
ball = Ball() 
all_sprites_list.add(ball) 
all_sprites_list.add(paddle) 

running = True 
while running: 
    for event in pygame.event.get(): 
     if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
      running = False 
     elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
      if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
       x_speed = -4 
       paddle_dir = 'left' 
      elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
       x_speed = 4 
       paddle_dir = 'right' 
     elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 
      if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
       if paddle_dir == 'left': 
        paddle_dir = '' 
        x_speed = 0 
      if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
       if paddle_dir == 'right': 
        paddle_dir = '' 
        x_speed = 0 
    # LOGIC 
    x_coord += x_speed 
    y_coord += y_speed 
    for ball in ball_list: 
     # Move the ball's center 
     ball.x += ball.change_x 
     ball.y += ball.change_y 

     # Bounce the ball if needed 
     if ball.y > 600 - BALLSIZE or ball.y < BALLSIZE: 
      ball.change_y *= -1 
     if ball.x > 800 - BALLSIZE or ball.x < BALLSIZE: 
      ball.change_x *= -1 
     #if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(ball, paddle, True): 
     # ball.change_y *= -1 
     #if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(ball, block_list, True): 
     # ball.change_y *= -1 
    # GRAPHIC AND DRAWING 
    screen.fill(BLACK) 
    for ball in ball_list: 
     pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE, [ball.x, ball.y], BALLSIZE) 
    all_sprites_list.draw(screen) 
    pygame.display.update() 
    clock.tick(100) 
pygame.quit() 

Answer 1

这是因为spritecollide()需要一个精灵，一个组和冲突条件。这对block_list来说是可以的，因为这是一组精灵，但是不是。尝试使用collide_rect()代替它将比较两个精灵'rect属性的冲突。

Answer 2

你似乎正处于向班级过渡的阶段。 x_coord，y_coord，x_speed和x_speed变量已过时并可以删除。只更新paddle和球的rect属性。您还需要在while循环中调用all_sprites_list.update()来更新桨。

正如Joe D提到的那样，您需要将桨冲突检查更改为if ball.rect.colliderect(paddle.rect):。

running = True 
while running: 
    for event in pygame.event.get(): 
     if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
      running = False 
     elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
      if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
       paddle_dir = 'left' 
       paddle.change_x = -4 
      elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
       paddle_dir = 'right' 
       paddle.change_x = 4 
     elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: 
      if event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: 
       if paddle_dir == 'left': 
        paddle_dir = '' 
        paddle.change_x = 0 
      if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: 
       if paddle_dir == 'right': 
        paddle_dir = '' 
        paddle.change_x = 0 
    # LOGIC 
    all_sprites_list.update() 
    for ball in ball_list: 
     # Move the ball's rect. 
     ball.rect.x += ball.change_x 
     ball.rect.y += ball.change_y 

     # Bounce the ball if needed. 
     if ball.rect.y > 600 - BALLSIZE or ball.rect.y < 0: 
      ball.change_y *= -1 
     if ball.rect.x > 800 - BALLSIZE or ball.rect.x < 0: 
      ball.change_x *= -1 
     if ball.rect.colliderect(paddle.rect): 
      ball.change_y *= -1 
     if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(ball, block_list, True): 
      ball.change_y *= -1 
    # GRAPHIC AND DRAWING 
    screen.fill(BLACK) 
    for ball in ball_list: 
     pygame.draw.circle(screen, WHITE, ball.rect.center, BALLSIZE)