在没有其他库的情况下在纯C/C++中编写BMP图像

Question

在我的算法中，我需要创建信息输出。我必须在bmp文件中编写布尔矩阵。 它必须是单色图像，如果此元素上的矩阵为真，则像素为白色。 主要问题是bmp头和如何写这个。

Answer 1

没有使用任何其他库，你可以看看BMP file format。我已经在过去实现了它，并且可以在没有太多工作的情况下完成。

位图文件结构

每个位图文件含有 位图文件头，一个 位图信息头，颜色 表，并且字节的阵列 定义位图比特。该文件有 以下格式：

BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfh;
BITMAPINFOHEADER bmih;
RGBQUAD aColors [];
BYTE aBitmapBits [];

...查看文件格式的详细信息

Answer 2

注意，线由下往上，而不是周围的其他方式保存。

此外，扫描线必须具有四倍的字节长度的倍数，您应该在行的末尾插入填充字节以确保这一点。

Answer 3

看看这是否适合你... 在这段代码中，我有3个二维数组，叫做红色，绿色和蓝色。每一个都是大小[宽度] [高度]，每个元素对应一个像素 - 我希望这是有道理的！

FILE *f; 
unsigned char *img = NULL; 
int filesize = 54 + 3*w*h; //w is your image width, h is image height, both int 

img = (unsigned char *)malloc(3*w*h); 
memset(img,0,3*w*h); 

for(int i=0; i<w; i++) 
{ 
    for(int j=0; j<h; j++) 
    { 
     x=i; y=(h-1)-j; 
     r = red[i][j]*255; 
     g = green[i][j]*255; 
     b = blue[i][j]*255; 
     if (r > 255) r=255; 
     if (g > 255) g=255; 
     if (b > 255) b=255; 
     img[(x+y*w)*3+2] = (unsigned char)(r); 
     img[(x+y*w)*3+1] = (unsigned char)(g); 
     img[(x+y*w)*3+0] = (unsigned char)(b); 
    } 
} 

unsigned char bmpfileheader[14] = {'B','M', 0,0,0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 54,0,0,0}; 
unsigned char bmpinfoheader[40] = {40,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 1,0, 24,0}; 
unsigned char bmppad[3] = {0,0,0}; 

bmpfileheader[ 2] = (unsigned char)(filesize ); 
bmpfileheader[ 3] = (unsigned char)(filesize>> 8); 
bmpfileheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>16); 
bmpfileheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>24); 

bmpinfoheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(  w ); 
bmpinfoheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(  w>> 8); 
bmpinfoheader[ 6] = (unsigned char)(  w>>16); 
bmpinfoheader[ 7] = (unsigned char)(  w>>24); 
bmpinfoheader[ 8] = (unsigned char)(  h ); 
bmpinfoheader[ 9] = (unsigned char)(  h>> 8); 
bmpinfoheader[10] = (unsigned char)(  h>>16); 
bmpinfoheader[11] = (unsigned char)(  h>>24); 

f = fopen("img.bmp","wb"); 
fwrite(bmpfileheader,1,14,f); 
fwrite(bmpinfoheader,1,40,f); 
for(int i=0; i<h; i++) 
{ 
    fwrite(img+(w*(h-i-1)*3),3,w,f); 
    fwrite(bmppad,1,(4-(w*3)%4)%4,f); 
} 

free(img); 
fclose(f); 

Answer 4

这是一个适用于我的代码的C++变体。注意我必须改变大小计算来考虑行填充。

// mimeType = "image/bmp"; 

unsigned char file[14] = { 
    'B','M', // magic 
    0,0,0,0, // size in bytes 
    0,0, // app data 
    0,0, // app data 
    40+14,0,0,0 // start of data offset 
}; 
unsigned char info[40] = { 
    40,0,0,0, // info hd size 
    0,0,0,0, // width 
    0,0,0,0, // heigth 
    1,0, // number color planes 
    24,0, // bits per pixel 
    0,0,0,0, // compression is none 
    0,0,0,0, // image bits size 
    0x13,0x0B,0,0, // horz resoluition in pixel/m 
    0x13,0x0B,0,0, // vert resolutions (0x03C3 = 96 dpi, 0x0B13 = 72 dpi) 
    0,0,0,0, // #colors in pallete 
    0,0,0,0, // #important colors 
    }; 

int w=waterfallWidth; 
int h=waterfallHeight; 

int padSize = (4-(w*3)%4)%4; 
int sizeData = w*h*3 + h*padSize; 
int sizeAll = sizeData + sizeof(file) + sizeof(info); 

file[ 2] = (unsigned char)(sizeAll ); 
file[ 3] = (unsigned char)(sizeAll>> 8); 
file[ 4] = (unsigned char)(sizeAll>>16); 
file[ 5] = (unsigned char)(sizeAll>>24); 

info[ 4] = (unsigned char)(w ); 
info[ 5] = (unsigned char)(w>> 8); 
info[ 6] = (unsigned char)(w>>16); 
info[ 7] = (unsigned char)(w>>24); 

info[ 8] = (unsigned char)(h ); 
info[ 9] = (unsigned char)(h>> 8); 
info[10] = (unsigned char)(h>>16); 
info[11] = (unsigned char)(h>>24); 

info[20] = (unsigned char)(sizeData ); 
info[21] = (unsigned char)(sizeData>> 8); 
info[22] = (unsigned char)(sizeData>>16); 
info[23] = (unsigned char)(sizeData>>24); 

stream.write((char*)file, sizeof(file)); 
stream.write((char*)info, sizeof(info)); 

unsigned char pad[3] = {0,0,0}; 

for (int y=0; y<h; y++) 
{ 
    for (int x=0; x<w; x++) 
    { 
     long red = lround(255.0 * waterfall[x][y]); 
     if (red < 0) red=0; 
     if (red > 255) red=255; 
     long green = red; 
     long blue = red; 

     unsigned char pixel[3]; 
     pixel[0] = blue; 
     pixel[1] = green; 
     pixel[2] = red; 

     stream.write((char*)pixel, 3); 
    } 
    stream.write((char*)pad, padSize); 
} 

Answer 5

如果使用上述C++函数在图像中间切换了奇怪的颜色，请务必以二进制模式打开流出： imgFile.open(filename, std::ios_base::out | std::ios_base::binary);
否则，Windows将不需要的字符插入文件中间！ （撞了在这个问题上我的头几个小时）

参阅相关的问题在这里：Why does ofstream insert a 0x0D byte before 0x0A?

Answer 6

这是最好的低水平例如我知道，通过Evercat写的。从 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Evercat/Buddhabrot.c

void drawbmp (char * filename) { 

unsigned int headers[13]; 
FILE * outfile; 
int extrabytes; 
int paddedsize; 
int x; int y; int n; 
int red, green, blue; 

extrabytes = 4 - ((WIDTH * 3) % 4);     // How many bytes of padding to add to each 
                // horizontal line - the size of which must 
                // be a multiple of 4 bytes. 
if (extrabytes == 4) 
    extrabytes = 0; 

paddedsize = ((WIDTH * 3) + extrabytes) * HEIGHT; 

// Headers... 
// Note that the "BM" identifier in bytes 0 and 1 is NOT included in these "headers". 

headers[0] = paddedsize + 54;  // bfSize (whole file size) 
headers[1] = 0;     // bfReserved (both) 
headers[2] = 54;     // bfOffbits 
headers[3] = 40;     // biSize 
headers[4] = WIDTH; // biWidth 
headers[5] = HEIGHT; // biHeight 

// Would have biPlanes and biBitCount in position 6, but they're shorts. 
// It's easier to write them out separately (see below) than pretend 
// they're a single int, especially with endian issues... 

headers[7] = 0;     // biCompression 
headers[8] = paddedsize;   // biSizeImage 
headers[9] = 0;     // biXPelsPerMeter 
headers[10] = 0;     // biYPelsPerMeter 
headers[11] = 0;     // biClrUsed 
headers[12] = 0;     // biClrImportant 

outfile = fopen(filename, "wb"); 

// 
// Headers begin... 
// When printing ints and shorts, we write out 1 character at a time to avoid endian issues. 
// 

fprintf(outfile, "BM"); 

for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++) 
{ 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", headers[n] & 0x000000FF); 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & (unsigned int) 0xFF000000) >> 24); 
} 

// These next 4 characters are for the biPlanes and biBitCount fields. 

fprintf(outfile, "%c", 1); 
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0); 
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 24); 
fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0); 

for (n = 7; n <= 12; n++) 
{ 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", headers[n] & 0x000000FF); 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x0000FF00) >> 8); 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & 0x00FF0000) >> 16); 
    fprintf(outfile, "%c", (headers[n] & (unsigned int) 0xFF000000) >> 24); 
} 

// 
// Headers done, now write the data... 
// 

for (y = HEIGHT - 1; y >= 0; y--)  // BMP image format is written from bottom to top... 
{ 
    for (x = 0; x <= WIDTH - 1; x++) 
    { 

     red = reduce(redcount[x][y] + COLOUR_OFFSET) * red_multiplier; 
     green = reduce(greencount[x][y] + COLOUR_OFFSET) * green_multiplier; 
     blue = reduce(bluecount[x][y] + COLOUR_OFFSET) * blue_multiplier; 

     if (red > 255) red = 255; if (red < 0) red = 0; 
     if (green > 255) green = 255; if (green < 0) green = 0; 
     if (blue > 255) blue = 255; if (blue < 0) blue = 0; 

     // Also, it's written in (b,g,r) format... 

     fprintf(outfile, "%c", blue); 
     fprintf(outfile, "%c", green); 
     fprintf(outfile, "%c", red); 
    } 
    if (extrabytes)  // See above - BMP lines must be of lengths divisible by 4. 
    { 
     for (n = 1; n <= extrabytes; n++) 
     { 
     fprintf(outfile, "%c", 0); 
     } 
    } 
} 

fclose(outfile); 
return; 
} 


drawbmp(filename); 

Answer 7

复制我主编拉尔夫的HTP代码，以便它会编译（海合会，运行Ubuntu 16.04 LTS）。这只是一个初始化变量的问题。

int w = 100; /* Put here what ever width you want */ 
    int h = 100; /* Put here what ever height you want */ 
    int red[w][h]; 
    int green[w][h]; 
    int blue[w][h]; 


    FILE *f; 
    unsigned char *img = NULL; 
    int filesize = 54 + 3*w*h; //w is your image width, h is image height, both int 
    if(img) 
      free(img); 
    img = (unsigned char *)malloc(3*w*h); 
    memset(img,0,sizeof(img)); 
    int x; 
    int y; 
    int r; 
    int g; 
    int b; 

    for(int i=0; i<w; i++) 
    { 
      for(int j=0; j<h; j++) 
      { 
        x=i; y=(h-1)-j; 
        r = red[i][j]*255; 
        g = green[i][j]*255; 
        b = blue[i][j]*255; 
        if (r > 255) r=255; 
        if (g > 255) g=255; 
        if (b > 255) b=255; 
        img[(x+y*w)*3+2] = (unsigned char)(r); 
        img[(x+y*w)*3+1] = (unsigned char)(g); 
        img[(x+y*w)*3+0] = (unsigned char)(b); 
      } 
    } 

    unsigned char bmpfileheader[14] = {'B','M', 0,0,0,0, 0,0, 0,0, 54,0,0,0}; 
    unsigned char bmpinfoheader[40] = {40,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 0,0,0,0, 1,0, 24,0}; 
    unsigned char bmppad[3] = {0,0,0}; 

    bmpfileheader[ 2] = (unsigned char)(filesize ); 
    bmpfileheader[ 3] = (unsigned char)(filesize>> 8); 
    bmpfileheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>16); 
    bmpfileheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(filesize>>24); 

    bmpinfoheader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(  w ); 
    bmpinfoheader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(  w>> 8); 
    bmpinfoheader[ 6] = (unsigned char)(  w>>16); 
    bmpinfoheader[ 7] = (unsigned char)(  w>>24); 
    bmpinfoheader[ 8] = (unsigned char)(  h ); 
    bmpinfoheader[ 9] = (unsigned char)(  h>> 8); 
    bmpinfoheader[10] = (unsigned char)(  h>>16); 
    bmpinfoheader[11] = (unsigned char)(  h>>24); 

    f = fopen("img.bmp","wb"); 
    fwrite(bmpfileheader,1,14,f); 
    fwrite(bmpinfoheader,1,40,f); 
    for(int i=0; i<h; i++) 
    { 
      fwrite(img+(w*(h-i-1)*3),3,w,f); 
      fwrite(bmppad,1,(4-(w*3)%4)%4,f); 
    } 
    fclose(f); 

Answer 8

清洁C代码为位图（BMP）图像生成

生成图像：

---

_{的代码不使用其他任何库比stdio.h中。因此，代码可以很容易地与C系列的其他语言结合使用，如C++，C＃，Java。}

---

#include <stdio.h> 

const int bytesPerPixel = 3; /// red, green, blue 
const int fileHeaderSize = 14; 
const int infoHeaderSize = 40; 

void generateBitmapImage(unsigned char *image, int height, int width, char* imageFileName); 
unsigned char* createBitmapFileHeader(int height, int width); 
unsigned char* createBitmapInfoHeader(int height, int width); 


int main(){ 
    int height = 541; 
    int width = 800; 
    unsigned char image[height][width][bytesPerPixel]; 
    char* imageFileName = "bitmapImage.bmp"; 

    int i, j; 
    for(i=0; i<height; i++){ 
     for(j=0; j<width; j++){ 
      image[i][j][2] = (unsigned char)((double)i/height*255); ///red 
      image[i][j][1] = (unsigned char)((double)j/width*255); ///green 
      image[i][j][0] = (unsigned char)(((double)i+j)/(height+width)*255); ///blue 
     } 
    } 

    generateBitmapImage((unsigned char *)image, height, width, imageFileName); 
} 


void generateBitmapImage(unsigned char *image, int height, int width, char* imageFileName){ 

    unsigned char* fileHeader = createBitmapFileHeader(height, width); 
    unsigned char* infoHeader = createBitmapInfoHeader(height, width); 
    unsigned char padding[3] = {0, 0, 0}; 
    int paddingSize = (4-(width*bytesPerPixel)%4)%4; 

    FILE* imageFile = fopen(imageFileName, "wb"); 

    fwrite(fileHeader, 1, fileHeaderSize, imageFile); 
    fwrite(infoHeader, 1, infoHeaderSize, imageFile); 

    int i; 
    for(i=0; i<height; i++){ 
     fwrite(image+(i*width*bytesPerPixel), bytesPerPixel, width, imageFile); 
     fwrite(padding, 1, paddingSize, imageFile); 
    } 

    fclose(imageFile); 
} 

unsigned char* createBitmapFileHeader(int height, int width){ 
    int fileSize = fileHeaderSize + infoHeaderSize + bytesPerPixel*height*width; 

    static unsigned char fileHeader[] = { 
     0,0, /// signature 
     0,0,0,0, /// image file size in bytes 
     0,0,0,0, /// reserved 
     0,0,0,0, /// start of pixel array 
    }; 

    fileHeader[ 0] = (unsigned char)('B'); 
    fileHeader[ 1] = (unsigned char)('M'); 
    fileHeader[ 2] = (unsigned char)(fileSize ); 
    fileHeader[ 3] = (unsigned char)(fileSize>> 8); 
    fileHeader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(fileSize>>16); 
    fileHeader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(fileSize>>24); 
    fileHeader[10] = (unsigned char)(fileHeaderSize + infoHeaderSize); 

    return fileHeader; 
} 

unsigned char* createBitmapInfoHeader(int height, int width){ 
    static unsigned char infoHeader[] = { 
     0,0,0,0, /// header size 
     0,0,0,0, /// image width 
     0,0,0,0, /// image height 
     0,0, /// number of color planes 
     0,0, /// bits per pixel 
     0,0,0,0, /// compression 
     0,0,0,0, /// image size 
     0,0,0,0, /// horizontal resolution 
     0,0,0,0, /// vertical resolution 
     0,0,0,0, /// colors in color table 
     0,0,0,0, /// important color count 
    }; 

    infoHeader[ 0] = (unsigned char)(infoHeaderSize); 
    infoHeader[ 4] = (unsigned char)(width ); 
    infoHeader[ 5] = (unsigned char)(width>> 8); 
    infoHeader[ 6] = (unsigned char)(width>>16); 
    infoHeader[ 7] = (unsigned char)(width>>24); 
    infoHeader[ 8] = (unsigned char)(height ); 
    infoHeader[ 9] = (unsigned char)(height>> 8); 
    infoHeader[10] = (unsigned char)(height>>16); 
    infoHeader[11] = (unsigned char)(height>>24); 
    infoHeader[12] = (unsigned char)(1); 
    infoHeader[14] = (unsigned char)(bytesPerPixel*8); 

    return infoHeader; 
}