下面是使用SuffixTree模块的解决方案来定位子序列：
#!/usr/bin/env python
from SuffixTree import SubstringDict
from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import groupby
from operator import itemgetter
import sys
def main(stdout=sys.stdout):
"""
>>> import StringIO
>>> s = StringIO.StringIO()
>>> main(stdout=s)
>>> print s.getvalue()
[['Mi', 'Fa']] In Arrays (1, 2)
[['So', 'La', 'Ti']] In Arrays (1, 3)
[['Jim', 'Bob', 'So']] In Arrays (2, 3)
[['So']] In Arrays (1, 2, 3)
<BLANKLINE>
"""
# array of arrays of strings
arr = [
["Do", "Re", "Mi", "Fa", "So", "La", "Ti",],
["Mi", "Fa", "Jim", "Bob", "So",],
["Jim", "Bob", "So", "La", "Ti",],
]
#### # 28 seconds (27 seconds without lesser substrs inspection (see below))
#### N, M = 100, 100
#### import random
#### arr = [[random.randrange(100) for _ in range(M)] for _ in range(N)]
# convert to ASCII alphabet (for SubstringDict)
letter2item = {}
item2letter = {}
c = 1
for item in (i for a in arr for i in a):
if item not in item2letter:
c += 1
if c == 128:
raise ValueError("too many unique items; "
"use a less restrictive alphabet for SuffixTree")
letter = chr(c)
letter2item[letter] = item
item2letter[item] = letter
arr_ascii = [''.join(item2letter[item] for item in a) for a in arr]
# populate substring dict (based on SuffixTree)
substring_dict = SubstringDict()
for i, s in enumerate(arr_ascii):
substring_dict[s] = i+1
# enumerate all substrings, save those that occur more than once
substr2indices = {}
indices2substr = defaultdict(list)
for str_ in arr_ascii:
for start in range(len(str_)):
for size in reversed(range(1, len(str_) - start + 1)):
substr = str_[start:start + size]
if substr not in substr2indices:
indices = substring_dict[substr] # O(n) SuffixTree
if len(indices) > 1:
substr2indices[substr] = indices
indices2substr[tuple(indices)].append(substr)
#### # inspect all lesser substrs
#### # it could diminish size of indices2substr[ind] list
#### # but it has no effect for input 100x100x100 (see above)
#### for i in reversed(range(len(substr))):
#### s = substr[:i]
#### if s in substr2indices: continue
#### ind = substring_dict[s]
#### if len(ind) > len(indices):
#### substr2indices[s] = ind
#### indices2substr[tuple(ind)].append(s)
#### indices = ind
#### else:
#### assert set(ind) == set(indices), (ind, indices)
#### substr2indices[s] = None
#### break # all sizes inspected, move to next `start`
for indices, substrs in indices2substr.iteritems():
# remove substrs that are substrs of other substrs
substrs = sorted(substrs, key=len) # sort by size
substrs = [p for i, p in enumerate(substrs)
if not any(p in q for q in substrs[i+1:])]
# convert letters to items and print
items = [map(letter2item.get, substr) for substr in substrs]
print >>stdout, "%s In Arrays %s" % (items, indices)
if __name__=="__main__":
# test
import doctest; doctest.testmod()
# measure performance
import timeit
t = timeit.Timer(stmt='main(stdout=s)',
setup='from __main__ import main; from cStringIO import StringIO as S; s = S()')
N = 1000
milliseconds = min(t.repeat(repeat=3, number=N))
print("%.3g milliseconds" % (1e3*milliseconds/N))
大约需要30秒来处理100个100个项目的清单。上述代码中的SubstringDict可能由grep -F -f模拟。
旧溶液：
在Python（它保存到 'group_patterns.py' 文件）：
#!/usr/bin/env python
from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import groupby
def issubseq(p, q):
"""Return whether `p` is a subsequence of `q`."""
return any(p == q[i:i + len(p)] for i in range(len(q) - len(p) + 1))
arr = (("Do", "Re", "Mi", "Fa", "So", "La", "Ti",),
("Mi", "Fa", "Jim", "Bob", "So",),
("Jim", "Bob", "So", "La", "Ti",))
# store all patterns that occure at least twice
d = defaultdict(list) # a map: pattern -> indexes of arrays it's within
for i, a in enumerate(arr[:-1]):
for j, q in enumerate(arr[i+1:]):
for k in range(len(a)):
for size in range(1, len(a)+1-k):
p = a[k:k + size] # a pattern
if issubseq(p, q): # `p` occures at least twice
d[p] += [i+1, i+2+j]
# group patterns by arrays they are within
inarrays = lambda pair: sorted(set(pair[1]))
for key, group in groupby(sorted(d.iteritems(), key=inarrays), key=inarrays):
patterns = sorted((pair[0] for pair in group), key=len) # sort by size
# remove patterns that are subsequences of other patterns
patterns = [p for i, p in enumerate(patterns)
if not any(issubseq(p, q) for q in patterns[i+1:])]
print "%s In Arrays %s" % (patterns, key)
下面的命令：
$ python group_patterns.py
打印：
[('Mi', 'Fa')] In Arrays [1, 2]
[('So',)] In Arrays [1, 2, 3]
[('So', 'La', 'Ti')] In Arrays [1, 3]
[('Jim', 'Bob', 'So')] In Arrays [2, 3]
该解决方案非常低效。
为什么“So”被打印两次？ – jfs 2009-01-27 14:56:32
因为它存在于2组中。 – StingyJack 2009-01-27 15:50:06
感谢您的回复。我还有一件事出现，但会在一两天内重新审视，然后会给予反馈。 – StingyJack 2009-01-27 18:19:51