我试图创建一个使用pyplot具有不连续的x轴的情节。这是画的常用方法是,轴将是这样的:Python/Matplotlib - 有没有办法让一个不连续的轴?
(值)---- ---- //(后值)
其中//表示你跳过(值)和(后面的值)之间的所有内容。
我一直没能找到任何这样的例子,所以我想知道如果它甚至是可能的。我知道你可以通过不连续的方式加入数据,例如财务数据,但是我想让这个轴的跳转更加明确。目前我只是使用子图,但我最终希望最终能够在同一张图上显示所有内容。
我试图创建一个使用pyplot具有不连续的x轴的情节。这是画的常用方法是,轴将是这样的:Python/Matplotlib - 有没有办法让一个不连续的轴?
(值)---- ---- //(后值)
其中//表示你跳过(值)和(后面的值)之间的所有内容。
我一直没能找到任何这样的例子,所以我想知道如果它甚至是可能的。我知道你可以通过不连续的方式加入数据,例如财务数据,但是我想让这个轴的跳转更加明确。目前我只是使用子图,但我最终希望最终能够在同一张图上显示所有内容。
保罗的回答是这样的一个完全正常的方法。
但是,如果您不想进行自定义转换,则可以使用两个子图创建相同的效果。
matplotlib示例中只有一个an excellent example of this written by Paul Ivanov(仅在当前的git提示中,因为它仅在几个月前提交,尚未在网页上提供),而不是从头开始构建示例。
这只是本示例的一个简单修改,它具有不连续的x轴而不是y轴。 (这就是为什么我在做这个职位的CW)
基本上,你只是做这样的事情:
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np
# If you're not familiar with np.r_, don't worry too much about this. It's just
# a series with points from 0 to 1 spaced at 0.1, and 9 to 10 with the same spacing.
x = np.r_[0:1:0.1, 9:10:0.1]
y = np.sin(x)
fig,(ax,ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
# plot the same data on both axes
ax.plot(x, y, 'bo')
ax2.plot(x, y, 'bo')
# zoom-in/limit the view to different portions of the data
ax.set_xlim(0,1) # most of the data
ax2.set_xlim(9,10) # outliers only
# hide the spines between ax and ax2
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax2.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
ax.yaxis.tick_left()
ax.tick_params(labeltop='off') # don't put tick labels at the top
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
# Make the spacing between the two axes a bit smaller
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.15)
plt.show()
要添加破轴线//
效果,我们可以做这(再次,从保罗·伊万诺夫的例子修改):
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np
# If you're not familiar with np.r_, don't worry too much about this. It's just
# a series with points from 0 to 1 spaced at 0.1, and 9 to 10 with the same spacing.
x = np.r_[0:1:0.1, 9:10:0.1]
y = np.sin(x)
fig,(ax,ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True)
# plot the same data on both axes
ax.plot(x, y, 'bo')
ax2.plot(x, y, 'bo')
# zoom-in/limit the view to different portions of the data
ax.set_xlim(0,1) # most of the data
ax2.set_xlim(9,10) # outliers only
# hide the spines between ax and ax2
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax2.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
ax.yaxis.tick_left()
ax.tick_params(labeltop='off') # don't put tick labels at the top
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
# Make the spacing between the two axes a bit smaller
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.15)
# This looks pretty good, and was fairly painless, but you can get that
# cut-out diagonal lines look with just a bit more work. The important
# thing to know here is that in axes coordinates, which are always
# between 0-1, spine endpoints are at these locations (0,0), (0,1),
# (1,0), and (1,1). Thus, we just need to put the diagonals in the
# appropriate corners of each of our axes, and so long as we use the
# right transform and disable clipping.
d = .015 # how big to make the diagonal lines in axes coordinates
# arguments to pass plot, just so we don't keep repeating them
kwargs = dict(transform=ax.transAxes, color='k', clip_on=False)
ax.plot((1-d,1+d),(-d,+d), **kwargs) # top-left diagonal
ax.plot((1-d,1+d),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # bottom-left diagonal
kwargs.update(transform=ax2.transAxes) # switch to the bottom axes
ax2.plot((-d,d),(-d,+d), **kwargs) # top-right diagonal
ax2.plot((-d,d),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # bottom-right diagonal
# What's cool about this is that now if we vary the distance between
# ax and ax2 via f.subplots_adjust(hspace=...) or plt.subplot_tool(),
# the diagonal lines will move accordingly, and stay right at the tips
# of the spines they are 'breaking'
plt.show()
我看到这个功能的许多建议,但没有表明它已经实施。这是一个可行的解决方案。它对x轴应用了阶跃函数变换。这是很多代码,但它很简单,因为它大部分都是样板自定义比例。我没有添加任何图形来指示休息的位置,因为这是一个风格问题。祝你好运完成这份工作。
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import scale as mscale
from matplotlib import transforms as mtransforms
import numpy as np
def CustomScaleFactory(l, u):
class CustomScale(mscale.ScaleBase):
name = 'custom'
def __init__(self, axis, **kwargs):
mscale.ScaleBase.__init__(self)
self.thresh = None #thresh
def get_transform(self):
return self.CustomTransform(self.thresh)
def set_default_locators_and_formatters(self, axis):
pass
class CustomTransform(mtransforms.Transform):
input_dims = 1
output_dims = 1
is_separable = True
lower = l
upper = u
def __init__(self, thresh):
mtransforms.Transform.__init__(self)
self.thresh = thresh
def transform(self, a):
aa = a.copy()
aa[a>self.lower] = a[a>self.lower]-(self.upper-self.lower)
aa[(a>self.lower)&(a<self.upper)] = self.lower
return aa
def inverted(self):
return CustomScale.InvertedCustomTransform(self.thresh)
class InvertedCustomTransform(mtransforms.Transform):
input_dims = 1
output_dims = 1
is_separable = True
lower = l
upper = u
def __init__(self, thresh):
mtransforms.Transform.__init__(self)
self.thresh = thresh
def transform(self, a):
aa = a.copy()
aa[a>self.lower] = a[a>self.lower]+(self.upper-self.lower)
return aa
def inverted(self):
return CustomScale.CustomTransform(self.thresh)
return CustomScale
mscale.register_scale(CustomScaleFactory(1.12, 8.88))
x = np.concatenate((np.linspace(0,1,10), np.linspace(9,10,10)))
xticks = np.concatenate((np.linspace(0,1,6), np.linspace(9,10,6)))
y = np.sin(x)
plt.plot(x, y, '.')
ax = plt.gca()
ax.set_xscale('custom')
ax.set_xticks(xticks)
plt.show()
我想这将只是现在做的事。这将是我第一次搞乱自定义轴,所以我们只需要看看它是如何发展的。 – 2011-04-14 19:35:40
'InvertedCustomTransform'的'def transform'中有一个小错字,它应该读取'self.upper'而不是'upper'。尽管感谢这个伟大的例子! – 2012-01-10 17:11:22
你可以添加几行来演示如何使用你的类吗? – 2015-04-23 13:34:35
关于弗雷德里克诺德的问题如何在使用比例不等于1:1的网格时允许对角“断裂”线的平行定向,根据保罗伊万诺夫和乔金顿的建议进行以下更改可能会有帮助。宽度比率可以使用变量n和m来改变。
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.gridspec as gridspec
x = np.r_[0:1:0.1, 9:10:0.1]
y = np.sin(x)
n = 5; m = 1;
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(1,2, width_ratios = [n,m])
plt.figure(figsize=(10,8))
ax = plt.subplot(gs[0,0])
ax2 = plt.subplot(gs[0,1], sharey = ax)
plt.setp(ax2.get_yticklabels(), visible=False)
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace = 0.1)
ax.plot(x, y, 'bo')
ax2.plot(x, y, 'bo')
ax.set_xlim(0,1)
ax2.set_xlim(10,8)
# hide the spines between ax and ax2
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax2.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
ax.yaxis.tick_left()
ax.tick_params(labeltop='off') # don't put tick labels at the top
ax2.yaxis.tick_right()
d = .015 # how big to make the diagonal lines in axes coordinates
# arguments to pass plot, just so we don't keep repeating them
kwargs = dict(transform=ax.transAxes, color='k', clip_on=False)
on = (n+m)/n; om = (n+m)/m;
ax.plot((1-d*on,1+d*on),(-d,d), **kwargs) # bottom-left diagonal
ax.plot((1-d*on,1+d*on),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # top-left diagonal
kwargs.update(transform=ax2.transAxes) # switch to the bottom axes
ax2.plot((-d*om,d*om),(-d,d), **kwargs) # bottom-right diagonal
ax2.plot((-d*om,d*om),(1-d,1+d), **kwargs) # top-right diagonal
plt.show()
检查brokenaxes包:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from brokenaxes import brokenaxes
import numpy as np
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(5,2))
bax = brokenaxes(xlims=((0, .1), (.4, .7)), ylims=((-1, .7), (.79, 1)), hspace=.05)
x = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)
bax.plot(x, np.sin(10 * x), label='sin')
bax.plot(x, np.cos(10 * x), label='cos')
bax.legend(loc=3)
bax.set_xlabel('time')
bax.set_ylabel('value')
安装完毕后,Pycharm Community 2016.3.2不能从'brokenaxes导入brokenaxes''。 @ ben.dichter – 2017-08-21 07:24:41
有一个错误。我修好了它。请运行'pip install brokenaxes == 0.2'来安装固定版本的代码。 – 2017-08-22 13:35:52
似乎与ax.grid交互不良(True) – innisfree 2017-12-12 00:09:15
我自己不能说得更好;) – 2011-08-02 18:13:57
只有子图的比例为1:1时,才会使'//效果的方法好用。你知道如何使它以任何比例工作,例如'GridSpec(width_ratio = [N,M])'? – 2014-03-17 23:40:46