SQL Server：通过基于参数和STUFF使用条件组（）

Question

我有一段代码，我想变成一个函数。代码的目的是将某些记录按变量标准分组在一起，并使用STUFF（）创建分组连接。我希望能够切换发生组的参数（因此也是STUFF的参数）。

但是，以下给出的错误是选择列表中的可选参数（例如下例中的OwnerName）无效，因为它们不包含在聚合函数或GROUP BY子句中。

考虑像下面的一个简单的例子（现实生活中的版本有很多的参数，因此为什么我希望能够得到这些都为一个查询）：

SELECT CarMake, CarModel, CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN OwnerName ELSE NULL END AS [OwnerName], SUM(CarValue), 
LicenseIDs = STUFF((SELECT ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),Cars2.LicenseID) AS [text()] 
    FROM DB.dbo.Cars Cars2 
    WHERE Cars2.CarMake = Cars1.CarMake 
     AND Cars2.CarModel = Cars1.CarModel 
     AND (@FlagOwnerName = 0 OR Cars2.OwnerName = Cars1.OwnerName) 
    FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 1, '') 
FROM DB.dbo.Cars Cars1 
GROUP BY CarMake, 
    CarModel, 
    CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN OwnerName ELSE NULL END 

编辑：如果我改变了下面的内容，那么它似乎会返回正确的连接，除非它是NULL，那么连接本身就是NULL。此外，如果我尝试将值更改为ISNULL（Cars1.OwnerName，'Placeholder'）或与COALESCE类似，它会给我出现相同的错误（在上面的select语句中无效）。

AND (@FlagOwnerName = 0 OR Cars2.OwnerName = Cars1.OwnerName) 

到

AND CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN Cars1.OwnerName = Cars2.OwnerName 

Answer 1

根据您的意见，我不认为使用STUFF与FOR XML如果最好的方式来处理这一点。通常，将多行连接成单个字符串的最佳方法是使用递归公用表表达式（CTE）。

有一些使用CTE（和一些替代方法）here的例子。

我已经调整了其中一个CTE选项来执行类似于您所描述的操作。

首先，我已经建立了一个简单的表格，类似于你所描述的数据：然后我用一个CTE是建立一个汽车牌照和值附加的数据集

create table #cars (CarMake varchar(50), CarModel varchar(50), CarValue INT, OwnerName varchar(50), LicenseID varchar(50)); 

insert into #cars(CarMake, CarModel, CarValue, OwnerName, LicenseID) values ('Toyota','Camry', 12000, 'Steve','ABC123'); 
insert into #cars(CarMake, CarModel, CarValue, OwnerName, LicenseID) values ('Toyota','Camry', 12000, 'Bob','HED999'); 
insert into #cars(CarMake, CarModel, CarValue, OwnerName, LicenseID) values ('Toyota','Camry', 19000, 'Helen','WKS444'); 
insert into #cars(CarMake, CarModel, CarValue, OwnerName, LicenseID) values ('Ford','Mustang',30000, 'Amy','JKJL88'); 
insert into #cars(CarMake, CarModel, CarValue, OwnerName, LicenseID) values ('Ford','Mustang',30000, 'Billy-Bob','EZ1111'); 
insert into #cars(CarMake, CarModel, CarValue, OwnerName, LicenseID) values ('Aston Martin','Vantage',90000, 'Mike','HY7733'); 

/按品牌/型号汇总。可变@FlagOwnerName控制是否从CTE或这些值从源表的基本值在最终SELECT语句中使用：

DECLARE @FlagOwnerName bit = 1; 

WITH cte (CarMake, CarModel, CarValueTotal, Car_Val, LicenseList, License_ID, length_) 
AS 
( 
    SELECT 
     CarMake, CarModel, 0, 0, CAST('' AS VARCHAR(8000)), CAST('' AS VARCHAR(8000)), 0 
    FROM #cars 
    GROUP BY CarMake, CarModel 
    UNION ALL 
    SELECT c.CarMake, c.CarModel, cte.CarValueTotal + c.CarValue, c.CarValue, 
      CAST(cte.LicenseList + CASE WHEN length_ = 0 THEN '' ELSE ', ' END + c.LicenseID AS VARCHAR(8000)), 
      CAST(LicenseID AS VARCHAR(8000)), 
      length_ + 1 
    FROM cte 
    INNER JOIN #cars c ON cte.CarMake = c.CarMake AND cte.CarModel = c.CarModel 
    WHERE c.LicenseID > cte.License_ID 
) 
SELECT 
    cars.CarMake, 
    cars.CarModel, 
    CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN cars.OwnerName ELSE 'ALL' END as OwnerName, 
    CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN cars.CarValue ELSE totals.CarValueTotal END as CarValue, 
    CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN cars.LicenseID ELSE totals.LicenseList END as LicenseID 
FROM #cars cars 
INNER JOIN 
(
    SELECT CarMake, CarModel, LicenseList, CarValueTotal 
    FROM ( 
      SELECT CarMake, CarModel, LicenseList, CarValueTotal, 
      RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY CarMake, CarModel ORDER BY length_ DESC) 
      FROM CTE 
     ) D (CarMake, CarModel, LicenseList, CarValueTotal, rank) 
    WHERE rank = 1 
) totals ON cars.CarMake = totals.CarMake AND cars.CarModel = totals.CarModel 
GROUP BY 
    cars.CarMake, 
    cars.CarModel, 
    CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN cars.OwnerName ELSE 'ALL' END, 
    CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN cars.CarValue ELSE totals.CarValueTotal END, 
    CASE WHEN @FlagOwnerName = 1 THEN cars.LicenseID ELSE totals.LicenseList END 

所以当@FlagOwnerName = 1，我们得到：

CarMake   CarModel OwnerName CarValue LicenseID 
Aston Martin Vantage  Mike  90000  HY7733 
Ford   Mustang  Amy   30000  JKJL88 
Ford   Mustang  Billy-Bob 30000  EZ1111 
Toyota   Camry  Bob   12000  HED999 
Toyota   Camry  Helen  19000  WKS444 
Toyota   Camry  Steve  12000  ABC123 

而当@FlagOwnerName = 0，我们得到：

CarMake   CarModel OwnerName CarValue LicenseID 
Aston Martin Vantage  ALL   90000  HY7733 
Ford   Mustang  ALL   60000  EZ1111, JKJL88 
Toyota   Camry  ALL   43000  ABC123, HED999, WKS444 

注意，在你的评论暗示你不想返回OWNERNAME当@FlagOwnerName = 0，而这是可能的我在存储过程（即，根据参数执行不同的查询）我不会推荐它。最好是返回一组一致的列，如果您在报告顶部使用报告工具，那么您可能会在其中包含一些逻辑以根据参数值隐藏列。