如何使用QuerySets和MySql“全文搜索”在多个字段中进行Django搜索？

Question

我是Django新手，试图创建一个“搜索”形式为我的项目使用MySql与MyISAM引擎。到目前为止，我设法让表单起作用，但Django似乎并没有以相同的方式搜索所有字段。结果是随机的。例：虽然howtogetin似乎并不适用于region返回任何结果或description最坏的搜索工作正常..

这里是我的模型：

class Camp(models.Model): 
    owner = models.OneToOneField(User) 
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100) 
    description = models.TextField() 
    address1 = models.CharField(max_length=128) 
    address2 = models.CharField(max_length=128) 
    zipcode = models.CharField(max_length=128) 
    region = models.CharField(max_length=128) 
    country = models.CharField(max_length=128) 
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=60) 
    howtogetin = models.TextField() 

    def __str__(self): 
     return self.name 

这是我的观点：

def campsearch(request): 
if request.method == 'POST': 
    form = CampSearchForm(request.POST) 
    if form.is_valid(): 
     terms = form.cleaned_data['search'] 
     camps = Camp.objects.filter(
      Q(name__search=terms)| 
      Q(description__search=terms)| 
      Q(address1__search=terms)| 
      Q(address2__search=terms)| 
      Q(zipcode__search=terms)| 
      Q(region__search=terms)| 
      Q(country__search=terms)| 
      Q(howtogetin__search=terms) 
      ) 
     return render(request, 'campsearch.html', {'form':form, 'camps':camps}) 
else: 
    form = CampSearchForm() 
    return render(request, 'campsearch.html', {'form':form}) 

任何线索？

Answer 1

我建议你实现这个：

#views.py 
def normalize_query(query_string, 
    findterms=re.compile(r'"([^"]+)"|(\S+)').findall, 
    normspace=re.compile(r'\s{2,}').sub): 

    ''' 
    Splits the query string in invidual keywords, getting rid of unecessary spaces and grouping quoted words together. 
    Example: 
    >>> normalize_query(' some random words "with quotes " and spaces') 
     ['some', 'random', 'words', 'with quotes', 'and', 'spaces'] 
    ''' 

    return [normspace(' ',(t[0] or t[1]).strip()) for t in findterms(query_string)] 

def get_query(query_string, search_fields): 

    ''' 
    Returns a query, that is a combination of Q objects. 
    That combination aims to search keywords within a model by testing the given search fields. 
    ''' 

    query = None # Query to search for every search term 
    terms = normalize_query(query_string) 
    for term in terms: 
     or_query = None # Query to search for a given term in each field 
     for field_name in search_fields: 
      q = Q(**{"%s__icontains" % field_name: term}) 
      if or_query is None: 
       or_query = q 
      else: 
       or_query = or_query | q 
     if query is None: 
      query = or_query 
     else: 
      query = query & or_query 
    return query 

并为每个搜索

#views.py 
def search_for_something(request): 
    query_string = '' 
    found_entries = None 
    if ('q' in request.GET) and request.GET['q'].strip(): 
     query_string = request.GET['q'] 
     entry_query = get_query(query_string, ['field1', 'field2', 'field3']) 
     found_entries = Model.objects.filter(entry_query).order_by('-something') 

    return render_to_response('app/template-result.html', 
      { 'query_string': query_string, 'found_entries': found_entries }, 
      context_instance=RequestContext(request) 
     ) 

而在模板

#template.html 
<form class="" method="get" action="{% url 'search_for_something' model.pk %}"> 
    <input name="q" id="id_q" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search" /> 
    <button type="submit">Search</button> 
</form> 

#template-result.html 
{% if found_entries %} 
    {% for field in found_entries %} 
     {{ model.field }} 
    {% endfor %} 
{% endif %} 

和URL

#urls.py 
url(r'^results/$', 'app.views.search_for_something', name='search_for_something'), 

Answer 2

__search只能使用带有全文索引的TextFields（听起来像您的描述字段是这样）。而不是这个尝试使用：

Q(name__icontains=terms) 

这是'CharField'字段不区分大小写'包含'。

---

搜索：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/querysets/#search

icontains：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/models/querysets/#icontains