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我目前正在对ARM处理器上基于Linux的软件本身进行优化。这些优化主要是ARM和ARM NEON功能的形式。但是，一旦我介绍了汇编函数，它们不会堆栈在调用它们的函数之上，而是看起来随机的地方。然而，为了剖析软件，我使用了perf record和flame-graphs。ARM头部以获取适当的调用堆栈
因此，我的问题是，我应该在我的函数中包含哪些内容，以便它们在调用堆栈中正确显示。
有一个稍微相关的主题，但没有给出好的答案How to get call graph profiling working with gcc compiled code and ARM Cortex A8 target?。我使用相同的标志加mapcs-frame。
下面我给出一个由GCC翻译成ARM的C函数的例子。这ARM功能似乎产生体面的堆栈，但我想明白为什么。
int half(int in);
int sum(int in1, int in2);
int mean(int in1, int in2);
int half(int i)
{
return i/2;
}
int sum(int i, int j)
{
return i + j;
}
int mean(int i, int j)
{
int s = sum(i, j);
int m = half(s);
return m;
}
int main()
{
int a = 1;
int b = 5;
int i;
int result;
for (i = 0; i<10000000; i++) {
result = mean(a, b);
}
return 0;
}
.cpu cortex-a9
.eabi_attribute 27, 3
.eabi_attribute 28, 1
.fpu neon
.eabi_attribute 20, 1
.eabi_attribute 21, 1
.eabi_attribute 23, 3
.eabi_attribute 24, 1
.eabi_attribute 25, 1
.eabi_attribute 26, 2
.eabi_attribute 30, 6
.eabi_attribute 34, 1
.eabi_attribute 18, 4
.file "a.c"
.text
.align 2
.global half
.type half, %function
half:
@ args = 0, pretend = 0, frame = 8
@ frame_needed = 1, uses_anonymous_args = 0
mov ip, sp
stmfd sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
sub fp, ip, #4
sub sp, sp, #8
str r0, [fp, #-16]
ldr r3, [fp, #-16]
mov r2, r3, lsr #31
add r3, r2, r3
mov r3, r3, asr #1
mov r0, r3
sub sp, fp, #12
ldmfd sp, {fp, sp, pc}
.size half, .-half
.align 2
.global sum
.type sum, %function
sum:
@ args = 0, pretend = 0, frame = 8
@ frame_needed = 1, uses_anonymous_args = 0
mov ip, sp
stmfd sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
sub fp, ip, #4
sub sp, sp, #8
str r0, [fp, #-16]
str r1, [fp, #-20]
ldr r2, [fp, #-16]
ldr r3, [fp, #-20]
add r3, r2, r3
mov r0, r3
sub sp, fp, #12
ldmfd sp, {fp, sp, pc}
.size sum, .-sum
.align 2
.global mean
.type mean, %function
mean:
@ args = 0, pretend = 0, frame = 16
@ frame_needed = 1, uses_anonymous_args = 0
mov ip, sp
stmfd sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
sub fp, ip, #4
sub sp, sp, #16
str r0, [fp, #-24]
str r1, [fp, #-28]
ldr r1, [fp, #-28]
ldr r0, [fp, #-24]
bl sum
str r0, [fp, #-16]
ldr r0, [fp, #-16]
bl half
str r0, [fp, #-20]
ldr r3, [fp, #-20]
mov r0, r3
sub sp, fp, #12
ldmfd sp, {fp, sp, pc}
.size mean, .-mean
.align 2
.global main
.type main, %function
main:
@ args = 0, pretend = 0, frame = 16
@ frame_needed = 1, uses_anonymous_args = 0
mov ip, sp
stmfd sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
sub fp, ip, #4
sub sp, sp, #16
mov r3, #1
str r3, [fp, #-20]
mov r3, #5
str r3, [fp, #-24]
mov r3, #0
str r3, [fp, #-16]
b .L8
.L9:
ldr r1, [fp, #-24]
ldr r0, [fp, #-20]
bl mean
str r0, [fp, #-28]
ldr r3, [fp, #-16]
add r3, r3, #1
str r3, [fp, #-16]
.L8:
ldr r2, [fp, #-16]
movw r3, #38527
movt r3, 152
cmp r2, r3
ble .L9
mov r3, #0
mov r0, r3
sub sp, fp, #12
ldmfd sp, {fp, sp, pc}
.size main, .-main
.ident "GCC: (crosstool-NG linaro-1.13.1-4.9-2014.09 - Linaro GCC 4.9-2014.09) 4.9.2 20140904 (prerelease)"
.section .note.GNU-stack,"",%progbits
-------------------编辑------------------ -
下面是我尝试整合的那种函数的例子。在连接方面，它所做的一切就是在开始时保存堆栈和链接寄存器并将其设置为结束。我应该添加什么？
.section .text
.global ARM_smoothing
ARM_smoothing:
STMFD sp!, {r4-r12,lr} //move used registers on stack (avoid segmentation fault)
MOV r5, r0
ADD r0, r0, r2
ADD r0, r0, r2
MOV r8, r0
ADD r8, r8, r2
ADD r8, r8, r2 //the 6 instructions create 3 pointers to the row above and below as well as the current one
ADD r1, r1, r2
ADD r1, r1, r2
ADD r1, r1, #2 //move destination pointer to first element (1 row down, 1 element left)
SUB r2, r2, #2
SUB r3, r3, #2 //counters decremented because smoothing function works with a margin of 1 on every side
LDR r9, =0x1C71C71D //(1/9)*2^32 pour effectuer la division par 9
LDR r10, =0x2
LDR r11, =0xC //shifts for pointers to data
VLDR.U64 d20, =0x1C71C71D //(1/9)*2^32 pour effectuer la division par 9
VLDR.U64 d22, =0x0 //initialization of zeros to be used (not ncessarily needed)
VLDR.U64 d23, =0x0
VDUP.32 d20, d20[0] //initialize vector for multiplication
height_loop:
MOV r4, r2 //reset width counter
CMP r4, #8
BLGE width_loop_eight_smoothing //use neon while more than 8 elements in row need smoothing
CMP r4, #1
BLGE width_loop_rest //use normal ARM for remaining elements, can't do in NEON because of margin
ADD r0, r0, #4 //skip margin
ADD r1, r1, #4
ADD r5, r5, #4
ADD r8, r8, #4
SUBS r3, r3, #1 //decrement row counter
BNE height_loop //loop while there still are rows
LDMFD sp!, {r4-r12,pc} //restore stack and return to calling function
width_loop_eight_smoothing:
SUB r4, r4, #8 //decrement width counter
VLD1.16 {d0, d1}, [r5], r10 //load upper left elements
VLD1.16 {d2, d3}, [r5], r10 //load upper middle elements
VADDL.S16 q2, d0, d2 //long addition of elements to be sure to not lose any data
VADDL.S16 q3, d1, d3
VLD1.16 {d0, d1}, [r5], r11 //load upper right elements
VLD1.16 {d2, d3}, [r0], r10 //load middle left elements
VADDL.S16 q4, d0, d2
VADDL.S16 q5, d1, d3
VADD.S32 q2, q4 //add to grand total
VADD.S32 q3, q5
VLD1.16 {d0, d1}, [r0], r10 //load current elements
VLD1.16 {d2, d3}, [r0], r11 //load middle right elements
VADDL.S16 q4, d0, d2
VADDL.S16 q5, d1, d3
VADD.S32 q2, q4
VADD.S32 q3, q5
VLD1.16 {d0, d1}, [r8], r10 //load lower left elements
VLD1.16 {d2, d3}, [r8], r10 //load lower middle elements
VADDL.S16 q4, d0, d2
VADDL.S16 q5, d1, d3
VADD.S32 q2, q4
VADD.S32 q3, q5
VLD1.16 {d0, d1}, [r8], r11 //load lower right elements
VADDL.S16 q4, d0, d22
VADDL.S16 q5, d1, d23
VADD.S32 q2, q4
VADD.S32 q3, q5
VMULL.S32 q6, d4, d20 //divide by 9 (upper element is total divided by 9)
VMULL.S32 q7, d5, d20
VMULL.S32 q8, d6, d20
VMULL.S32 q9, d7, d20
VUZP.32 q6, q7 //pack results into less registers and smaller elements
VUZP.32 q8, q9
VUZP.16 q7, q9
VSHR.U16 q8, q7, #15 //when multiplied element is negative, result is always one under
VADD.S16 q7, q8 //rectifying by adding sign bit to total
VST1.16 {d14, d15}, [r1]! //store results
CMP r4, #8 //check if theres enough elements to do 8 more in NEON
BCS width_loop_eight_smoothing //if yes, loop neon code
MOV PC, LR //return to ARM_smoothing if not
width_loop_rest: //works similaarly to NEON but one element at a time
LDRSH r6, [r0], #2 //converts loaded half words to signed full words
LDRSH r7, [r0] //main difference is with the way increments are done since there is an overlap
ADD r6, r7, r6
LDRSH r7, [r0, #2]
ADD r6, r7, r6
LDRSH r7, [r5], #2
ADD r6, r7, r6
LDRSH r7, [r5]
ADD r6, r7, r6
LDRSH r7, [r5, #2]
ADD r6, r7, r6
LDRSH r7, [r8], #2
ADD r6, r7, r6
LDRSH r7, [r8]
ADD r6, r7, r6
LDRSH r7, [r8, #2]
ADD r6, r7, r6
SMULLS r6, r7, r6, r9
ADDMI r7, #1
STRH r7, [r1], #2
SUBS r4, #1 //decrement width counter and check if there's any left
BNE width_loop_rest
MOV PC, LR
那么你有什么汇编函数的问题看起来像？你是否正在创建相关的APCS布局堆栈框架？ – Notlikethat
值得注意的是，多年前APCS已被EABI所取代，'-mapcs-frame'已经被剥夺了相当长的一段时间，而GCC家伙正在急于完全将其删除。也就是说，FWIW [Rick Murray的网站]（http://www.heyrick.co.uk/assembler/apcsintro.html）可能是旧事物最好的参考。 – Notlikethat
我添加了一种编辑功能，我尝试进行配置文件，我不认为我正在创建堆栈帧。 – VictorC