最简单的方法来比较SQL Server 2008中的两个表模式？

Question

我必须在开发和发布数据库之间进行检查，并手动执行此操作，这既缓慢又不是100％可靠（我只是通过目测检查表）。

是否有一种快速简单的方法来自动比较表格模式？也许即使是内置于SQL Server中的功能呢？

编辑：我只比较结构，谢谢你指出这一点。

Answer 1

我的SQL DBDiff风扇，这是一个开源工具，您可以使用比较表，视图，功能，用户等SQL Server数据库的两个实例并在源数据库和目标数据库之间生成更改脚本。

Answer 2

数据或结构或两者兼而有之？尝试RedGate SQL比较或数据比较。他们都有免费试用，很棒。

http://www.red-gate.com/products/SQL_Compare/index.htm

http://www.red-gate.com/products/SQL_Data_Compare/index.htm

Answer 3

对于免费的解决方案，您可以使用SQL Server Managements Objects为每个表，视图，索引，SP，UDF等输出DDL脚本。然后，您可以使用代码或使用diff工具（如WinMerge）进行比较。

Answer 4

有一些商业产品可以做到这一点; Visual Studio 2010 Premium Edition可以比较模式。

有些人：
http://www.red-gate.com/products/SQL_Compare/index.htm
http://www.apexsql.com/sql_tools_diff.aspx

Answer 5

洙，

Google搜索这样的：

for structures：

see also：

我以前的答案链接不会出于某种原因不再起作用，所以这里是从TechNet另一个答案：

DECLARE @Sourcedb sysname 
DECLARE @Destdb sysname 
DECLARE @Tablename sysname 
DECLARE @SQL varchar(max) 

SELECT @Sourcedb = '<<SourceDatabaseName>>' 
SELECT @Destdb = '<<DestinationDatabaseName>>' 
SELECT @Tablename = '<<Tablename>>' -- '%' for all tables 

SELECT @SQL = ' SELECT Tablename = ISNULL(Source.tablename,Destination.tablename) 
         ,ColumnName = ISNULL(Source.Columnname,Destination.Columnname) 
         ,Source.Datatype 
         ,Source.Length 
         ,Source.precision 
         ,Destination.Datatype 
         ,Destination.Length 
         ,Destination.precision 
         ,[Column] = 
         Case 
         When Source.Columnname IS NULL then ''Column Missing in the Source'' 
         When Destination.Columnname IS NULL then ''Column Missing in the Destination'' 
         ELSE '''' 
         end 
         ,DataType = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND Source.Datatype <> Destination.Datatype THEN ''Data Type mismatch'' 
            END 
         ,Length = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND Source.Length <> Destination.Length THEN ''Length mismatch'' 
            END 
         ,Precision = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND Source.precision <> Destination.precision THEN ''precision mismatch'' 
            END 
         ,Collation = CASE WHEN Source.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND Destination.Columnname IS NOT NULL 
             AND ISNULL(Source.collation_name,'''') <> ISNULL(Destination.collation_name,'''') THEN ''Collation mismatch'' 
             END 

    FROM 
( 
SELECT Tablename = so.name 
     , Columnname = sc.name 
     , DataType = St.name 
     , Length  = Sc.max_length 
     , precision = Sc.precision 
     , collation_name = Sc.collation_name 
    FROM ' + @Sourcedb + '.SYS.objects So 
    JOIN ' + @Sourcedb + '.SYS.columns Sc 
    ON So.object_id = Sc.object_id 
    JOIN ' + @Sourcedb + '.SYS.types St 
    ON Sc.system_type_id = St.system_type_id 
    AND Sc.user_type_id = St.user_type_id 
WHERE SO.TYPE =''U'' 
    AND SO.Name like ''' + @Tablename + ''' 
) Source 
FULL OUTER JOIN 
( 
    SELECT Tablename = so.name 
     , Columnname = sc.name 
     , DataType = St.name 
     , Length  = Sc.max_length 
     , precision = Sc.precision 
     , collation_name = Sc.collation_name 
    FROM ' + @Destdb + '.SYS.objects So 
    JOIN ' + @Destdb + '.SYS.columns Sc 
    ON So.object_id = Sc.object_id 
    JOIN ' + @Destdb + '.SYS.types St 
    ON Sc.system_type_id = St.system_type_id 
    AND Sc.user_type_id = St.user_type_id 
WHERE SO.TYPE =''U'' 
    AND SO.Name like ''' + @Tablename + ''' 
) Destination 
ON source.tablename = Destination.Tablename 
AND source.Columnname = Destination.Columnname ' 

EXEC (@Sql) 

Answer 6

可以使用SQL Management Studio中的工具‘生成脚本’从这两个数据库。然后使用您最喜爱的文本比较工具来查看任何差异。

在过去，这很好用，但在SQL 2005中，生成的脚本代码发生了变化，对象不再以相同的顺序创建，所以文本比较没那么有用。我还没有在更新版本的SQL中测试过它，所以它可能已经修复。您也可以尝试使用http://exportsqlscript.codeplex.com/，我已经很成功地将DDL用作源代码控制和比较版本的脚本。

参考文献：

• https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=332400&wa=wsignin1.0
• http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/sqltools/thread/505fd238-e0dc-42ae-8a54-2dceace81bb3/
• http://exportsqlscript.codeplex.com/

Answer 7

你可以在http://cdttools.com/2011/10/sql-diff-erence/它的低成本替代看一看，会走两个数据库之间的模式，告诉你什么改变。然后，您可以使用SQL Mgmt studio生成“script-> As Alter”来构建更改脚本。 （警告：我写的）

Answer 8

如果在同一个数据库中的两个表，你可以使用这个查询

select c2.table_name,c2.COLUMN_NAME 
from [INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[COLUMNS] c2 
where table_name='table1' 
and c2.COLUMN_NAME not in (select column_name 
    from [INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[COLUMNS] 
    where table_name='table1') 

Answer 9

我有点太迟了......但这个剧本我做了运作良好为了我。如果需要，它也可以跨链接服务器工作。

use master 
go 

DECLARE @Server1 VARCHAR(100) ='[CARNYSQLTEST1].'; --include a dot at the end 
DECLARE @DB1 VARCHAR(100) = '[ZipCrim]'; 
DECLARE @Table1 VARCHAR(100) = 'IntAction'; 

DECLARE @Server2 VARCHAR(100) ='[CARNYSQLDEV].'; --include a dot at the end 
DECLARE @DB2 VARCHAR(100) = '[ZipCrim]'; 
DECLARE @Table2 VARCHAR(100) = 'IntAction'; 

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX); 


SET @SQL = 
' 
SELECT Table1.ServerName, 
     Table1.DBName, 
     Table1.SchemaName, 
     Table1.TableName, 
     Table1.ColumnName, 
     Table1.name DataType, 
     Table1.Length, 
     Table1.Precision, 
     Table1.Scale, 
     Table1.Is_Identity, 
     Table1.Is_Nullable, 
     Table2.ServerName, 
     Table2.DBName, 
     Table2.SchemaName, 
     Table2.TableName, 
     Table2.ColumnName, 
     Table2.name DataType, 
     Table2.Length, 
     Table2.Precision, 
     Table2.Scale, 
     Table2.Is_Identity, 
     Table2.Is_Nullable 
FROM 
    (SELECT ''' + @Server1 + ''' ServerName, 
      ''' + @DB1 + ''' DbName, 
      SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) SchemaName, 
      t.Name TableName, 
      c.Name ColumnName, 
      st.Name, 
      c.Max_Length Length, 
      c.Precision, 
      c.Scale, 
      c.Is_Identity, 
      c.Is_Nullable 
    FROM ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.tables t 
      INNER JOIN ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.columns c ON t.Object_ID = c.Object_ID 
      INNER JOIN sys.types st ON St.system_type_id = c.System_Type_id AND st.user_type_id = c.user_type_id 
    WHERE t.Name = ''' + @Table1 + ''') Table1 
    FULL OUTER JOIN 
    (SELECT ''' + @Server2 + ''' ServerName, 
      ''' + @DB2 + ''' DbName, 
      SCHEMA_NAME(t.schema_id) SchemaName, 
      t.name TableName, 
      c.name ColumnName, 
      st.Name, 
      c.max_length Length, 
      c.Precision, 
      c.Scale, 
      c.Is_Identity, 
      c.Is_Nullable 
    FROM ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.tables t 
      INNER JOIN ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.columns c ON t.Object_ID = c.Object_ID 
      INNER JOIN sys.types st ON St.system_type_id = c.System_Type_id AND st.user_type_id = c.user_type_id 
    WHERE t.Name = ''' + @Table2 + ''') Table2 
    ON Table1.ColumnName = Table2.ColumnName 
ORDER BY CASE WHEN Table1.ColumnName IS NULL THEN 2 ELSE 1 END, Table1.ColumnName 
' 

EXEC sp_executesql @SQL 

Answer 10

修改了一下的BD.'s query，都归功于他。 （改变SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id)到sys.schemas加入，因为SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id)作品与是master当前分贝范围内，改变了排序，改变列名，并添加了状态栏）

USE master 
GO 

DECLARE 
    @Server1 VARCHAR(100) = 'Server1.', -- don't forget to include a dot at the end 
    @Server2 VARCHAR(100) = 'Server2.', -- don't forget to include a dot at the end 
    @DB1 VARCHAR(100) = 'Database1', 
    @DB2 VARCHAR(100) = 'Database2' 

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX); 

SET @SQL = ' 
SELECT 
    CASE 
     WHEN s1.[Column] IS NOT NULL 
      AND s2.[Column] IS NULL 
      THEN ''New'' 
     WHEN s1.[Column] IS NULL 
      AND s2.[Column] IS NOT NULL 
      THEN ''Deleted'' 
     WHEN s1.[Column] IS NOT NULL 
      AND s2.[Column] IS NOT NULL 
      AND (s1.[Type] <> s2.[Type] 
       OR s1.[Length] <> s2.[Length] 
       OR s1.[Precision] <> s2.[Precision] 
       OR s1.Scale <> s2.Scale 
       OR s1.IsNullable <> s2.IsNullable 
       OR s1.IsIdentity <> s2.IsIdentity 
       OR s1.IdentitySeed <> s2.IdentitySeed 
       OR s1.IdentityIncrement <> s2.IdentityIncrement 
       OR s1.DefaultValue <> s2.DefaultValue) 
      THEN ''Changed'' 
     ELSE ''Identical'' 
    END [Status], 
    s1.[Database], 
    s1.[Schema], 
    s1.[Table], 
    s1.[Column], 
    s1.[Type], 
    s1.IsCharType, 
    s1.[Length], 
    s1.[Precision], 
    s1.Scale, 
    s1.IsNullable, 
    s1.IsIdentity, 
    s1.IdentitySeed, 
    s1.IdentityIncrement, 
    s1.DefaultValue, 
    s1.[Order], 
    s2.[Database], 
    s2.[Schema], 
    s2.[Table], 
    s2.[Column], 
    s2.[Type], 
    s2.IsCharType, 
    s2.[Length], 
    s2.[Precision], 
    s2.Scale, 
    s2.IsNullable, 
    s2.IsIdentity, 
    s2.IdentitySeed, 
    s2.IdentityIncrement, 
    s2.DefaultValue, 
    s2.[Order] 
FROM (
    SELECT 
     ''' + @DB1 + ''' AS [Database], 
     s.name AS [Schema], 
     t.name AS [Table], 
     c.name AS [Column], 
     tp.name AS [Type], 
     CASE 
      WHEN tp.collation_name IS NOT NULL 
       THEN 1 
      ELSE 0 
     END AS IsCharType, 
     CASE 
      WHEN c.max_length = -1 
       THEN ''MAX'' 
      ELSE CAST(c.max_length AS VARCHAR(4)) 
     END AS [Length], 
     c.[precision], 
     c.scale, 
     c.is_nullable AS IsNullable, 
     c.is_identity AS IsIdentity, 
     CAST(ISNULL(ic.seed_value, 0) AS INT) AS IdentitySeed, 
     CAST(ISNULL(ic.increment_value, 0) AS INT) AS IdentityIncrement, 
     dc.definition AS DefaultValue, 
     c.column_id AS [Order] 
    FROM ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.tables t 
     INNER JOIN ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.schemas s ON s.schema_id = t.schema_id 
     INNER JOIN ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.columns c ON c.object_id = t.object_id 
     INNER JOIN ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.types tp ON tp.system_type_id = c.system_type_id 
     LEFT OUTER JOIN ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.identity_columns ic ON ic.object_id = t.object_id AND ic.name = c.name 
     LEFT OUTER JOIN ' + @Server1 + @DB1 + '.sys.default_constraints dc ON dc.object_id = c.default_object_id 
    ) s1 
FULL OUTER JOIN (
    SELECT 
     ''' + @DB2 + ''' AS [Database], 
     s.name AS [Schema], 
     t.name AS [Table], 
     c.name AS [Column], 
     tp.name AS [Type], 
     CASE 
      WHEN tp.collation_name IS NOT NULL 
       THEN 1 
      ELSE 0 
     END AS IsCharType, 
     CASE 
      WHEN c.max_length = -1 
       THEN ''MAX'' 
      ELSE CAST(c.max_length AS VARCHAR(4)) 
     END AS [Length], 
     c.[precision], 
     c.scale, 
     c.is_nullable AS IsNullable, 
     c.is_identity AS IsIdentity, 
     CAST(ISNULL(ic.seed_value, 0) AS INT) AS IdentitySeed, 
     CAST(ISNULL(ic.increment_value, 0) AS INT) AS IdentityIncrement, 
     dc.definition AS DefaultValue, 
     c.column_id AS [Order] 
    FROM ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.tables t 
     INNER JOIN ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.schemas s ON s.schema_id = t.schema_id 
     INNER JOIN ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.columns c ON c.object_id = t.object_id 
     INNER JOIN ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.types tp ON tp.system_type_id = c.system_type_id 
     LEFT OUTER JOIN ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.identity_columns ic ON ic.object_id = t.object_id AND ic.name = c.name 
     LEFT OUTER JOIN ' + @Server2 + @DB2 + '.sys.default_constraints dc ON dc.object_id = c.default_object_id 
    ) s2 
    ON s2.[Schema] = s1.[Schema] 
    AND s2.[Table] = s1.[Table] 
    AND s2.[Column] = s1.[Column] 
ORDER BY 
    CASE WHEN s1.[Database] IS NULL THEN s2.[Database] ELSE s1.[Database] END, 
    CASE WHEN s1.[Schema] IS NULL THEN s2.[Schema] ELSE s1.[Schema] END, 
    CASE WHEN s1.[Table] IS NULL THEN s2.[Table] ELSE s1.[Table] END, 
    CASE WHEN s1.[Order] IS NULL THEN s2.[Order] ELSE s1.[Order] END 
' 

EXEC sp_executesql @SQL