获取保存行的最大值的列名称

Question

我已经生成了一个广泛的视图，它根据不同的统计模型模拟某些事件。这些模型在每个列标题中由数字定义，并且行的最大值是最佳模型。

生成的表格看起来（部分）如下;

+--------+----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ 
| Number | LI | PHSE | 0505 | 0506 | 0507 | 0508 | 0509 | [...] etc. 
+--------+----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ 
| 100254 | 2 | M1 | 44 | 46 | 45 | 44 | 44 | 
| 100254 | 2 | M2 | 36 | 36 | 35 | 37 | 37 | 
| 100254 | 2 | M3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 
| 100254 | 2 | R1 | 34 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 
| 100254 | 2 | R2 | 41 | 41 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 
| 100329 | 1 | M1 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 
| 100329 | 1 | M2 | 31 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 
| 100329 | 1 | M3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 
| 100329 | 1 | R1 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 30 | 
| 100329 | 1 | R2 | 25 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 26 | 
+--------+----+------+------+------+------+------+------+ 
    [...] etc. 

现在我想找到每个行中的最高值，并显示相应的列名作为这样的;

| Number | LI | PHSE | MAXCOL | 
+--------+----+------+--------+ 
| 100254 | 2 | M1 | 0506 | 
| 100254 | 2 | M2 | 0508 | 
| 100254 | 2 | M3 | 0505 | 
| 100254 | 2 | R1 | 0507 | 
| 100254 | 2 | R2 | 0505 | 
+--------+----+------+--------+ 
    [...] etc. 

这是从100254衍生 - 2 - M1最大值46 0506列发生等

我一直在PIVOT功能，但没有成功，有玩弄周围。我也寻找一个类似于Excel的索引/匹配等价物，但由于我无法将列标题作为值来引用，所以这显然不起作用（并且还没有找到这样的函数）。

任何帮助将非常感激。每达明的评论

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UPDATE：

从代码的摘录，导致此：

SELECT DISTINCT sub2.Number, sub2.LI, sub2.PHSE 
, sum(sub2.[0505]) over (partition by sub2.Number, sub2.LI, sub2.PHSE) as '0505' 
, sum(sub2.[0506]) over (partition by sub2.Number, sub2.LI, sub2.PHSE) as '0506' 
[...] etc. /*64 rows*/ 

FROM 
    (SELECT DISTINCT sub.* 
    , CASE WHEN sub.MF > sub.[5PAV] - sub.[5PSTDEV] THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS '0505' 
    , CASE WHEN sub.MF > sub.[5PAV] - sub.[6PSTDEV] THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS '0506' 
    [...] etc. /*64 rows*/ 

    FROM 
     (SELECT DISTINCT ra.* 
     , sum(ra.qtyr) OVER (partition BY ra.Number, ra.LI, ra.PHSE ORDER BY (ra.Number) rows BETWEEN 5 preceding AND 1 preceding)/
     sum(ra.qtyu) OVER (partition BY ra.Number, ra.LI, ra.PHSE ORDER BY (ra.Number) rows BETWEEN 5 preceding AND 1 preceding) AS '5PAV' 
     , sum(ra.qtyr) OVER (partition BY ra.Number, ra.LI, ra.PHSE ORDER BY (ra.Number) rows BETWEEN 6 preceding AND 1 preceding)/
     sum(ra.qtyu) OVER (partition BY ra.Number, ra.LI, ra.PHSE ORDER BY (ra.Number) rows BETWEEN 6 preceding AND 1 preceding) AS '6PAV' 
     [...] etc. /*8 rows*/ 

     , stdev(ra.MF) OVER (partition BY ra.Number, ra.LI, ra.PHSE ORDER BY (ra.Number) rows BETWEEN 4 preceding AND CURRENT row) AS '5PSTDEV' 
     , stdev(ra.MF) OVER (partition BY ra.Number, ra.LI, ra.PHSE ORDER BY (ra.Number) rows BETWEEN 5 preceding AND CURRENT row) AS '6PSTDEV' 
     [...] etc. /*8 rows*/ 

     FROM ra 
     ) AS sub 
    ) AS sub2 

毫无疑问，这可能是SQL最无效的用途之一，但时间压力和经验不足使我这样写。

任何建议来更改此代码，并更有效地实现所需的表结果，也将不胜感激。

---

编辑每安东的答案;

总结为pvt的上述代码继续如下;

SELECT Number, LI, PHSE, combo, hitrate 

FROM (...) AS pvt 
UNPIVOT 
(Hitrate FOR Combo IN (
         [0505], 
         [0506], 
         [...] etc.)) AS upvt 

伟大的解决方案，一个不雅的问题。

Answer 1

您需要使用UNPIVOT，不PIVOT

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms177410.aspx

如果列数是可变的，你必须使用动态SQL构造列的列表

Answer 2

我会用CROSS APPLY作为如下：

WITH Src AS 
(
    SELECT * FROM (VALUES 
    (100254, 2, 'M1', 44, 46, 45, 44, 44), 
    (100254, 2, 'M2', 36, 36, 35, 37, 37), 
    (100254, 2, 'M3', 5, 5, 5, 5, 5), 
    (100254, 2, 'R1', 34, 36, 37, 37, 37), 
    (100254, 2, 'R2', 41, 41, 40, 41, 41), 
    (100329, 1, 'M1', 37, 38, 38, 38, 39), 
    (100329, 1, 'M2', 31, 29, 28, 29, 29), 
    (100329, 1, 'M3', 6, 6, 6, 6, 6), 
    (100329, 1, 'R1', 29, 29, 29, 30, 30), 
    (100329, 1, 'R2', 25, 26, 26, 27, 26)) T(Number, LI, PHSE, [0505], [0506], [0507], [0508], [0509]) 
) 
SELECT Number, LI, PHSE, MaxCol 
FROM Src 
CROSS APPLY (SELECT TOP 1 * FROM (VALUES 
    ('0505', [0505]), 
    ('0506', [0506]), 
    ('0507', [0507]), 
    ('0508', [0508]), 
    ('0509', [0509]) 
    ) T(MaxCol, Val) ORDER BY Val DESC) Q 

请注意，除非指定了一些附加值，否则可以随机选择相等的列，即MaxCol。

更新 你需要动态查询，如下列之一：

DECLARE @sql nvarchar(MAX) = 
    'SELECT Number, LI, PHSE, MaxCol 
FROM Src 
CROSS APPLY (SELECT TOP 1 * FROM (VALUES' +STUFF(
    (SELECT ',(', QUOTENAME(name, '''')+','+QUOTENAME(name)+')' 
    FROM sys.columns 
    WHERE object_id=OBJECT_ID('Src') AND name NOT IN ('Number', 'LI', 'PHSE') 
    FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 1, '')+') T(MaxCol, Val) ORDER BY Val DESC) Q'; 
EXEC(@sql); 

Src是你的表名，因此替换它。

Answer 3

如果你想看到所有MAXCOL（等于列）试试这个：

CREATE TABLE table1 (
Number NUMERIC(10), 
LI numeric(10), 
PHSE NVARCHAR(10), 
[0505] numeric(10), 
[0506] numeric(10), 
[0507] numeric(10), 
[0508] numeric(10), 
[0509] numeric(10)) 

INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100254,2,'M1',44 ,46 ,45 ,44,44) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100254,2,'M2',36,36,35,37,37) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100254,2,'M3',5,5,5,5,5) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100254,2,'R1',34,36,37,37,37) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100254,2, 'R2',41,41,40,41,41) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100329,1, 'M1',37,38,38,38,39) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100329,1, 'M2',31,29,28,29,29) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100329,1, 'M3',6,6,6,6,6) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100329,1, 'R1',29,29,29,30,30) 
INSERT INTO table1 VALUES(100329,1, 'R2',25,26,26,27,26) 

SELECT * 
INTO #UNPIVOT 
FROM table1 
UNPIVOT (num 
FOR MAXCOL IN ([0505],[0506],[0507],[0508],[0509])) AS k 

SELECT A.Number,A.LI,A.PHSE,A.num,B.MAXCOL FROM 
(SELECT number,LI,PHSE,MAX(num) AS num FROM #UNPIVOT GROUP BY number,LI,PHSE) A 
LEFT JOIN 
(SELECT * FROM #UNPIVOT) B ON A.num=B.num AND A.Number=B.Number AND A.LI=B.LI AND A.PHSE=B.PHSE