如何在Perl中执行自检？

Question

在Perl OOP中，如何转储此类及其父类中的所有方法/字段。

my ($self) = @_; 

我看到了很多如上构造函数。那么，什么是@_？

我有Java/OOP背景。如果你的解释可以遵循Java域，那么我会更容易理解。

Answer 1

1. 什么是@_？见perldoc -v @_

2. perldoc perlobj

mjd has an interesting article on introspection in Perl。

另外，How do I list available methods on a given object or package in Perl?回答你的问题的一部分。

我的首选这个问题的答案使用Class::Inspector：

#!/usr/bin/env perl 

use strict; use warnings; 

use Class::Inspector; 
use HTML::TokeParser::Simple; 

my $methods = Class::Inspector->methods(
    'HTML::TokeParser::Simple', 'full', 'public' 
); 

print "Methods:\n"; 
print "$_\n" for @$methods; 

print "Superclasses\n"; 
use Class::ISA; 
print join(", ", Class::ISA::super_path('HTML::TokeParser::Simple')), "\n"; 

Answer 2

数据::打印机是一种快速的方法来获得当前类的方法列表：

#!/usr/bin/env perl 

use strict; 
use warnings; 
use DateTime; 
use Data::Printer; 

p(DateTime->now); 

这将打印例如：

DateTime { 
    public methods (134) : add, add_duration, am_or_pm, bootstrap, ce_year, christian_era, clone, compare, compare_ignore_floating, date, datetime, day, day_abbr, day_name, day_of_month, day_of_month_0, day_of_quarter, day_of_quarter_0, day_of_week, day_of_week_0, day_of_year, day_of_year_0, day_0, DefaultLanguage, DefaultLocale, delta_days, delta_md, delta_ms, dmy, doq, doq_0, dow, dow_0, doy, doy_0, duration_class, epoch, era, era_abbr, era_name, format_cldr, formatter, fractional_second, from_day_of_year, from_epoch, from_object, hires_epoch, hms, hour, hour_1, hour_12, hour_12_0, INFINITY, is_dst, is_finite, is_infinite, is_leap_year, iso8601, jd, language, last_day_of_month, leap_seconds, local_day_of_week, local_rd_as_seconds, local_rd_values, locale, MAX_NANOSECONDS, mday, mday_0, mdy, microsecond, millisecond, min, minute, mjd, mon, mon_0, month, month_abbr, month_name, month_0, NAN, nanosecond, NEG_INFINITY, new, now, offset, quarter, quarter_abbr, quarter_name, quarter_0, sec, second, SECONDS_PER_DAY, secular_era, set, set_day, set_formatter, set_hour, set_locale, set_minute, set_month, set_nanosecond, set_second, set_time_zone, set_year, STORABLE_freeze, STORABLE_thaw, strftime, subtract, subtract_datetime, subtract_datetime_absolute, subtract_duration, time, time_zone, time_zone_long_name, time_zone_short_name, today, truncate, utc_rd_as_seconds, utc_rd_values, utc_year, wday, wday_0, week, week_number, week_of_month, week_year, weekday_of_month, year, year_with_christian_era, year_with_era, year_with_secular_era, ymd 
    private methods (38) : _accumulated_leap_seconds, _add_overload, _adjust_for_positive_difference, _calc_local_components, _calc_local_rd, _calc_utc_components, _calc_utc_rd, _cldr_pattern, _compare, _compare_overload, _day_has_leap_second, _day_length, _era_index, _format_nanosecs, _handle_offset_modifier, _is_leap_year, _month_length, _new, _new_from_self, _normalize_leap_seconds, _normalize_nanoseconds, _normalize_seconds, _normalize_tai_seconds, _offset_for_local_datetime, _rd2ymd, _seconds_as_components, _space_padded_string, _string_compare_overload, _string_equals_overload, _string_not_equals_overload, _stringify, _subtract_overload, _time_as_seconds, _utc_hms, _utc_ymd, _weeks_in_year, _ymd2rd, _zero_padded_number 
    internals: { 
     formatter undef, 
     local_c { 
      day  13, 
      day_of_quarter 13, 
      day_of_week 5, 
      day_of_year 104, 
      hour 15, 
      minute 5, 
      month 4, 
      quarter 2, 
      second 16, 
      year 2012 
     }, 
     local_rd_days 734606, 
     local_rd_secs 54316, 
     locale DateTime::Locale::en_US, 
     offset_modifier 0, 
     rd_nanosecs 0, 
     tz  DateTime::TimeZone::UTC, 
     utc_rd_days 734606, 
     utc_rd_secs 54316, 
     utc_year 2013 
    } 
}