可能使用写入错误指定错误类型，还是仅使用throw？

Question

我正在构建一个脚本，该脚本的Try statement与Try块和多个Catch块。 PowerShell中的This page has provided a good guide to help with identifying error types以及如何在catch语句中处理它们。

到目前为止，我一直在使用Write-Error。我认为可以使用其中一个可选参数（Category或CategoryTargetType）来指定错误类型，然后使用专门用于该类型的catch块。

不幸运：该类型始终列为Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException。
throw给了我究竟是什么。

代码

[CmdletBinding()]param() 

Function Do-Something { 
    [CmdletBinding()]param() 
    Write-Error "something happened" -Category InvalidData 
} 

try{ 
    Write-host "running Do-Something..." 
    Do-Something -ErrorAction Stop 

}catch [System.IO.InvalidDataException]{ # would like to catch write-error here 
    Write-Host "1 caught" 
}catch [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException]{ # it's caught here 
    Write-host "1 kind of caught" 
}catch{ 
    Write-Host "1 not caught properly: $($Error[0].exception.GetType().fullname)" 
} 


Function Do-SomethingElse { 
    [CmdletBinding()]param() 
    throw [System.IO.InvalidDataException] "something else happened" 
} 

try{ 
    Write-host "`nrunning Do-SomethingElse..." 
    Do-SomethingElse -ErrorAction Stop 

}catch [System.IO.InvalidDataException]{ # caught here, as wanted 
    Write-Host "2 caught" 
}catch{ 
    Write-Host "2 not caught properly: $($Error[0].exception.GetType().fullname)" 
} 

输出

running Do-Something... 
1 kind of caught 

running Do-SomethingElse... 
2 caught 

我的代码是做我想要的东西;当throw完成这项工作时，它不一定是Write-Error。我想了解的是：

• 是否可以指定与Write-Error A型（或以其他方式Write-Error错误区分），使它们可以在不同catch块来处理？

_{N.B.我知道$Error[1] -like "something happen*"和处理使用if/else块是一个选项。}

_{Closest related question I could find on SO - Write-Error v throw in terminating/non-terminating context}

Answer 1

可以使用-Exception参数指定的异常类型的写入错误抛出，见下面的例子（PS5）或获取帮助写入错误的实例4： https://msdn.microsoft.com/powershell/reference/5.1/microsoft.powershell.utility/Write-Error

try { 
    Write-Error -ErrorAction Stop -Exception ([System.OutOfMemoryException]::new()) } 
catch [System.OutOfMemoryException] { 
    "Just system.OutOfMemoryException" 
} catch { 
    "Other exceptions" 
}