保持阵列不在RAM中

我正在和一些朋友学习（并试图教授）电子/编程。我们已决定使用启动板来完成我们的任务。保持阵列不在RAM中

下面是我们碰到的问题：

对于我们的动画，我们把它们存储在一个二维数组。如果我们将数组定义为常量，我们会得到错误

我不希望这个数组在RAM中，因为我们没有太多的可用。

编辑：请参见下面代码

我希望这是张贴在正确的位置。
在没有时间的情况下（我想？）我是否会改变任何数组，他们都是手动设置一次，然后循环。我不能确定什么是试图但是如果需要转换

信息（隐含）：

MSP430G2553 的16kB闪存 0.5KB RAM

感谢您的帮助

UPDATE： HansPassant告诉我为什么这个错误出现了。但我仍然得到一个内存溢出（显然它没有被存储在闪存中？）

我试过的另一件事是，而不是#define RON（行ON）我也声明它为const。（所以当创建一个动画数组时，它只是用常量显式创建的）我曾希望将它存储在闪存中。

这里，如果需要的代码全部：

#define povDelay delayMicroseconds(200) // POV Delay 

const int CON = LOW; 
const int COFF = HIGH; 
const int RON = HIGH; 
const int ROFF = LOW; 

const int col[9] = {P1_0, P1_1, P1_2, P1_3, P1_4, P1_5, P2_0, P2_1, P2_2}; 
const int row[3] = {P1_6, P1_7, P2_3}; 

void setup() 
{ 
// Serial.begin(9600); 
    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
    { 
    pinMode(col[i], OUTPUT); 
    digitalWrite(col[i], COFF); 
    } 
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
    { 
    pinMode(row[i], OUTPUT); 
    digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 
    } 
} 

void sideToSide(int delayTime) 
{ 
    int sideDelay = 1000; 
    // Left Frame 
    const int leftFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Middle Frame 
    const int middleFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Right Frame 
    const int rightFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, CON} 
    }; 




    // Display this animation 3 times (Frame 1, Frame 2, Frame 3, Frame 2) 
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
    { 
    displayFrame(leftFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(rightFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    } 
    // Last animation 
    displayFrame(leftFrame, delayTime); 



} // ############ END SIDE TO SIDE 

void frontToBack(int delayTime) 
{ 
    // Left Frame 
    const int frontFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Middle Frame 
    const int middleFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    // Right Frame 
    const int backFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, CON, CON} 
    }; 




    // Display this animation 3 times (Frame 1, Frame 2, Frame 3, Frame 2) 
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
    { 
    displayFrame(frontFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(backFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(middleFrame, delayTime); 
    } 
    // Last animation 
    displayFrame(frontFrame, delayTime); 


} // ############# END FRONT TO BACK 


void diagFunctionOne(int delayTime) 
{ 
    const int firstFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int secondFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int thirdFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int forthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, CON, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int fifthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON} 
    }; 
    // Start from 7 
    const int sixthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int seventhFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int eighthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON}, 
    {CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON} 
    }; 
    const int ninthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 
    const int tenthFrame[3][9] = { 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF}, 
    {COFF, COFF, CON, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF, COFF} 
    }; 

    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) 
    { 
    displayFrame(firstFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(secondFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(thirdFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(forthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(fifthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(sixthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(seventhFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(eighthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(ninthFrame, delayTime); 
    displayFrame(tenthFrame, delayTime); 
    } 
} 



/* 

##################################################### 
##################################################### 
##################################################### 
###################################################### 
####################################################### 


*/ 






// Takes a frame and displays it for the length of animation delay (in ms) 
void displayFrame(const int frame[3][9], int animationDelay) 
{ 
// Serial.println("displayFrame called"); 
unsigned long currentTime = millis(); 

while (1) // Do this continually until animationDelay is met 
{ 
int i, j; 
// Rows 
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
{ 
    // Turn correct ROW on 
    digitalWrite(row[i], RON); 

    // Columns 
    for (j = 0; j < 9; j++) 
    { 
    // Turn correct COLUMNS on 
    digitalWrite(col[j], frame[i][j]); 

    } // End J loop 

    povDelay; 
    digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 

} // End I Loop 

if ((millis() - currentTime) >= animationDelay) 
{ 
    delay(10); 
    // Cleanup, Turn all OFF 
    for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
    { 
     digitalWrite(col[i], COFF); 
    } 
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
    { 
     digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 
    } 

    delay(10); // timefix? 

    return; 

} // End time test if statement 

} 


} 


void loop() 
{ 
    diag(350); 
    sideToSide(350); 
    frontToBack(350); 


// for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) 
// { 
// digitalWrite(col[i], CON); 
// } 
// for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) 
// { 
// digitalWrite(row[i], RON); 
// delay(250); 
// digitalWrite(row[i], ROFF); 
// } 

}

而存在的错误：LD返回1种退出状态：由142个字节溢出`RAM” collect2

c:/users/dan/appdata/local/energi~1/hardware/tools/msp430/bin/../lib/gcc/msp430/4.6.3/../../../../msp430/bin/ld.exe:

区域

来源

2013-03-23 Dan

只需声明参数const即可。 – 2013-03-23 02:51:35

@HansPassant哦，哇，我是个白痴。谢谢汉斯！ – Dan 2013-03-23 02:56:58

所有这些看起来都像是C代码，并且你将它标记为C，但是你的文件名是'.cpp'。那是怎么回事？ – 2013-03-23 02:59:03

不知道这会有所帮助，但是，你可以指定要使用的内存区域，请参阅docs。

除此之外，你用一个整数浪费了很多空间。减少内存的更简单的方法：在声明typedef unsigned char BYTE后更改const int frontFrame[3][9]至const BYTE frontFrame[3][9]。

您可以腾出更多，如果你使用的比特来表示位：

#define ON(b) (1 << b) 

const int frontFrame[3] = { 
    {ON(8) | ON(7) | ON(6)}, 
    {ON(8) | ON(7) | ON(6)}, 
    {ON(8) | ON(7) | ON(6)} 
};

，你会使用

for (int r = 0; r < ROWS_NUM; ++r) 
    for (int c = 0; c < COLS_NUM; ++c) 
    if (frame[r] & ON(c)) { ... }

测试了一下（在displayFrame）我也想尝试在前面加static的数据声明，但很可能这不会影响内存布局。

来源

2013-03-23 07:06:16 CapelliC

我喜欢你对空间限制的建议。但是，更多的是静态将它们保存为闪存，而不是将它们保存在内存中。非常感谢CapelliC！我们非常感谢！ – Dan 2013-03-23 07:14:59

保持阵列不在RAM中

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