蛇游戏（java）中的流畅动画？

Question

我在java中做了一个基本的蛇游戏，我需要一些帮助获得更流畅的动画。蛇的每一部分都是20x20的正方形，所以我让蛇每移动一步20个像素。这使蛇看起来像一个网格，这意味着它将总是与只在“网格”上产生的食物排成一线。现在我的问题是，当我尝试将它移动3步时，它不再与“网格”对齐。另一个更严重的问题是，蛇通过移动第一个方块来移动，然后将所有其他方法设置到数组中的下一个位置（请参阅代码）。问题是，当它移动3步时，蛇会缩小，所以每个起点之间只有3个间隔，而不是20个。任何人都可以帮助解决这些问题吗？如果需要，我可以添加整个源代码。

import java.awt.*; 
import java.awt.event.*; 
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy; 
import java.io.BufferedReader; 
import java.io.BufferedWriter; 
import java.io.FileReader; 
import java.io.FileWriter; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.util.Random; 
import javax.swing.Timer; 

public class player1 extends Canvas implements Runnable { 

private keyevents keyevent; 
private element [] elements; 
private element goal; 
private int numSegments, score, endY, quitX, snakeSize, windowSize; 
private Font scorefont; 

private long cycleTime; 
private final int FRAME_DELAY; 
private BufferStrategy bf; 
private boolean gameOver, isRunning; 

public player1(Frame window) { 
    setSize(new Dimension(window.getWidth(), window.getHeight())); 
    FRAME_DELAY = 20; 
    windowSize = 400; 
    snakeSize = 20; 
    score = 0; 
    isRunning = false; 
    numSegments = 5; 
    scorefont = new Font("Verdana", Font.BOLD, snakeSize); 
    elements = new element [300]; 
    goal = new element(randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize),randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize), snakeSize, Color.green); 
    keyevent = new keyevents(); 
    keyevent.setP1Keys(2,true); 

    for (int i=0, xPos = round(windowSize/2), yPos = round(windowSize/2); i<numSegments; i++, xPos+=snakeSize) { 
     elements[i] = new element(xPos,yPos, snakeSize, Color.blue); 
    } 

    addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() { 
     public void keyPressed(KeyEvent evt) { 
      keyevent.moveIt(evt); 
      switch(evt.getKeyCode()){ 
      case KeyEvent.VK_ESCAPE: 
       isRunning = false; 
       screen.newMenu(); 
      } 
     } 
    }); 
} 

public void start(player1 ex){ 
    isRunning = true; 
    Thread gameThread = new Thread(ex); 
    gameThread.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); 
    gameThread.start(); 
} 

public void run(){ 
    cycleTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); 
    while(isRunning){ 
     logic(); 
     render(); 
     sync(); 
    } 
} 

public void render() { 
    if (bf==null){ 
     bf = getBufferStrategy(); 
    } 
    Graphics2D g2 = null; 
    try{ 
     g2 = (Graphics2D) bf.getDrawGraphics(); 
     g2.setColor(Color.black); 
     g2.fillRect(0, 0, windowSize, windowSize); 
     for (int i=0;i<numSegments;i+=1) { 
      elements[i].draw(g2); 
     } 
     g2.setColor(Color.green); 
     goal.draw(g2); 
     g2.setColor(Color.orange); 
     g2.fill3DRect(0, 0, windowSize, snakeSize, true); 
     g2.setColor(Color.red); 
     g2.setFont(scorefont); 
     g2.drawString("Score: "+score, 5, snakeSize-4); 
     FontMetrics fm = g2.getFontMetrics(); 
     g2.setColor(Color.blue); 
     fm = g2.getFontMetrics(); 
     g2.setColor(Color.black); 
     quitX = (windowSize - fm.stringWidth("ESC = quit")-5); 
     g2.drawString("ESC = quit",quitX,snakeSize-snakeSize/5); 
    }finally{ 
     g2.dispose(); 
    } 
    bf.show(); 
    Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync(); 
} 

public void sync(){ 
    cycleTime = cycleTime + FRAME_DELAY; 
    long difference = cycleTime - System.currentTimeMillis(); 
    try { 
     Thread.sleep(Math.max(0, difference)); 
    } 
    catch(InterruptedException e) { 
     e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
} 

public void logic(){ 
    int x = elements[0].getX(); 
    int y = elements[0].getY(); 
    Rectangle elementrect = elements[0].getRect(); 
    keyevent.setP1Pressed(false); 

    //Movement 
    for(int i = numSegments-1; i>0; i--){ 
     elements[i].setX(elements[i-1].getX()); 
     elements[i].setY(elements[i-1].getY()); 
    } 
    if(keyevent.getP1Keys(0)){ 
     elements[0].setY(y+20); 
    } 
    else if(keyevent.getP1Keys(1)){ 
     elements[0].setY(y-20); 
    } 
    else if(keyevent.getP1Keys(2)){ 
     elements[0].setX(x-20); 
    } 
    else if(keyevent.getP1Keys(3)){ 
     elements[0].setX(x+20); 
    } 
    if(elements[0].getX()>windowSize-snakeSize){ 
     elements[0].setX(0); 
    } 
    else if(elements[0].getX()<0){ 
     elements[0].setX(windowSize-snakeSize); 
    } 
    if(elements[0].getY()>windowSize-snakeSize){ 
     elements[0].setY(0); 
    } 
    else if(elements[0].getY()<0+snakeSize){ 
     elements[0].setY(windowSize-snakeSize); 
    } 
    for(int i=0; i<numSegments; i++){ 
     elements[i].updateRect(); 
    }  

    //Collision 
    if(elementrect.intersects(goal.getRect())){ 
     numSegments+=1; 
     elements[numSegments-1] = new element(elements[numSegments-2].getX(),elements[numSegments-2].getY(), snakeSize,Color.blue); 
     goal.setX(randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize)); 
     goal.setY(randompos(snakeSize,windowSize-snakeSize)); 
     score+=1; 
    } 
    for(int i=1; i<numSegments; i++){ 
     if(elementrect.intersects(elements[i].getRect())){ 
      gameOver(); 
     } 
    } 
} 

public void gameOver(){ 
    isRunning = false; 
} 

public int randompos(int min,int max){ 
    System.out.println(snakeSize); 
    int range = max-min; 
    Random randompos = new Random(); 
    int pos = randompos.nextInt(range)+min; 
    pos*=2; 
    pos += snakeSize; 
    pos /= snakeSize*2; 
    pos *= snakeSize*2; 
    pos/=2; 
    return pos; 
} 
} 

Answer 1

1）使用Java命名约定正确player1应该Player1等

2）不使用pre_historic AWT Canvas，使用Swing JPanel, JLabel or JComponent，同为Frame ---> JFrame

3）不使用KeyListener，因为您的帆布需要Focus，最简单的就是使用KeyBinding

4）您有012问题，使用javax.swing.Timer而非错implemntations为Runnable#Tread

5）永远不会使用Thread.sleep(Math.max(0, difference));用于AWT/Swing的焦耳/组件，因为块EventDispatchTread，并且通过为了Thread.sleep错implentations（）yoour GUI将被冷冻的os留un_responsible，使用javax.swing.Timer来处理Swing中的任何事件

6）在这里发布一个SSCCE，它展示了你的真正的组织，而不是一堆un_relatted代码和somw anothere错过（也许是，也许不是）重要的类，

Answer 2

除了@ mKorbel的优秀建议，请考虑使用你的蛇段一个java.util.Queue：

Queue<Element> snake = new LinkedList<Element>(); 

然后一个动画步骤需要简单地去除最旧的Element并添加一个新的多数民众赞成根据您的游戏对位置和速度规则偏移：

snake.remove(); 
snake.add(newElement()); 
this.repaint();