如何解决匿名PL/SQL块中的编译错误？

Question

代码：

SET serveroutput ON; 
DECLARE 
    SUM NUMBER; 
    tot NUMBER; 
    tata NUMBER; 
    benz NUMBER; 
    FUNCTION accident 
    RETURN NUMBER 
    IS 
    z NUMBER; 
    BEGIN 
    SELECT COUNT(rid) 
    INTO tata 
    FROM participatedin, 
     Car 
    WHERE car.cid=participatedin.cid 
    AND model ='honda'; 
    SELECT COUNT(rid) 
    INTO benz 
    FROM participatedin, 
     Car 
    WHERE car.cid=participatedin.cid 
    AND model ='benz'; 
    SUM   :=tata+benz; 
    RETURN SUM; 
    END; 
BEGIN 
    tot:=accident(); 
    dbms_output.put_line("Honda+Benz= "||tot); 
END; 
/

错误：

ERROR at line 19: 
ORA-06550: line 19, column 11: 
PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol ";" when expecting one of the following: 
( 

Answer 1

没有与您匿名PL/SQL块多个问题：

1. SUM NUMBER;

SUM是一个保留字在PL/SQL中。你不能直接使用它。使用双引号使其成为带引号的标识符，或使用不同的名称。

要查看保留字，做help reserved words在的SQL * Plus：

SQL> help reserved words 

RESERVED WORDS (PL/SQL) 
----------------------- 

PL/SQL Reserved Words have special meaning in PL/SQL, and may not be used 
for identifier names (unless enclosed in "quotes"). 

An asterisk (*) indicates words are also SQL Reserved Words. 

ALL*   DESC*   JAVA   PACKAGE   SUBTYPE 
ALTER*   DISTINCT*  LEVEL*   PARTITION  SUCCESSFUL* 
AND*   DO    LIKE*   PCTFREE*  SUM 
ANY*   DROP*   LIMITED   PLS_INTEGER  SYNONYM* 
ARRAY   ELSE*   LOCK*   POSITIVE  SYSDATE* 
AS*    ELSIF   LONG*   POSITIVEN  TABLE* 
ASC*   END    LOOP   PRAGMA   THEN* 
AT    EXCEPTION  MAX    PRIOR*   TIME 
AUTHID   EXCLUSIVE*  MIN    PRIVATE   TIMESTAMP 
AVG    EXECUTE   MINUS*   PROCEDURE  TIMEZONE_ABBR 
BEGIN   EXISTS*   MINUTE   PUBLIC*   TIMEZONE_HOUR 
BETWEEN*  EXIT   MLSLABEL*  RAISE   TIMEZONE_MINUTE 
BINARY_INTEGER EXTENDS   MOD    RANGE   TIMEZONE_REGION 
BODY   EXTRACT   MODE*   RAW*   TO* 
BOOLEAN   FALSE   MONTH   REAL   TRIGGER* 
BULK   FETCH   NATURAL   RECORD   TRUE 
BY*    FLOAT*   NATURALN  REF    TYPE 
CHAR*   FOR*   NEW    RELEASE   UI 
CHAR_BASE  FORALL   NEXTVAL   RETURN   UNION* 
CHECK*   FROM*   NOCOPY   REVERSE   UNIQUE* 
CLOSE   FUNCTION  NOT*   ROLLBACK  UPDATE* 
CLUSTER*  GOTO   NOWAIT*   ROW*   USE 
COALESCE  GROUP*   NULL*   ROWID*   USER* 
COLLECT   HAVING*   NULLIF   ROWNUM*   VALIDATE* 
COMMENT*  HEAP   NUMBER*   ROWTYPE   VALUES* 
COMMIT   HOUR   NUMBER_BASE  SAVEPOINT  VARCHAR* 
COMPRESS*  IF    OCIROWID  SECOND   VARCHAR2* 
CONNECT*  IMMEDIATE*  OF*    SELECT*   VARIANCE 
CONSTANT  IN*    ON*    SEPERATE  VIEW* 
CREATE*   INDEX*   OPAQUE   SET*   WHEN 
CURRENT*  INDICATOR  OPEN   SHARE*   WHENEVER* 
CURRVAL   INSERT*   OPERATOR  SMALLINT*  WHERE* 
CURSOR   INTEGER*  OPTION*   SPACE   WHILE 
DATE*   INTERFACE  OR*    SQL    WITH* 
DAY    INTERSECT*  ORDER*   SQLCODE   WORK 
DECIMAL*  INTERVAL  ORGANIZATION SQLERRM   WRITE 
DECLARE   INTO*   OTHERS   START*   YEAR 
DEFAULT*  IS*    OUT    STDDEV   ZONE 
DELETE*   ISOLATION 

dbms_output.put_line(tata+Benz ||' = '||tot);

即不正确的语法。您需要离开变量并使用单引号仅用于字符串。

1. "Honda+Benz= "

变量Honda未声明。看着你的代码，也许你想用tata。

尝试修改后的代码：

 
SET serveroutput ON; 
DECLARE 
    v_sum NUMBER; 
    tot NUMBER; 
    tata NUMBER; 
    benz NUMBER; 
    FUNCTION accident 
    RETURN NUMBER 
    IS 
    z NUMBER; 
    BEGIN 
    SELECT COUNT(rid) 
    INTO tata 
    FROM participatedin, 
     Car 
    WHERE car.cid=participatedin.cid 
    AND model ='honda'; 
    SELECT COUNT(rid) 
    INTO benz 
    FROM participatedin, 
     Car 
    WHERE car.cid=participatedin.cid 
    AND model ='benz'; 
    v_sum  :=tata+benz; 
    RETURN v_sum; 
    END; 
BEGIN 
    tot:=accident(); 
    dbms_output.put_line(tata+Benz ||' = '||tot); 
END; 
/

工作演示使用标准EMP表中SCOTT模式：

SQL> SET serveroutput ON; 
SQL> DECLARE 
    2 v_sum NUMBER; 
    3 tot NUMBER; 
    4 tata NUMBER; 
    5 benz NUMBER; 
    6 FUNCTION accident 
    7  RETURN NUMBER 
    8 IS 
    9  z NUMBER; 
10 BEGIN 
11  SELECT COUNT(empno) 
12  INTO tata 
13  FROM emp; 
14  SELECT COUNT(empno) 
15  INTO benz 
16  FROM emp; 
17  v_sum  :=tata+benz; 
18  RETURN v_sum; 
19 END; 
20 BEGIN 
21 tot:=accident(); 
22 dbms_output.put_line('tata+Benz = '||tot); 
23 END; 
24/
tata+Benz = 28 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 

Answer 2

更新你的代码更改参数“SUM”，因为它是Oracle中的一个函数。如果您将其更改为其他内容，则代码将起作用。
看到改变的代码如下：

DECLARE 
    sum1 NUMBER; 
    tot NUMBER; 
    tata NUMBER; 
    benz NUMBER; 
    FUNCTION accident RETURN NUMBER IS 
    z NUMBER; 
    BEGIN 
    SELECT COUNT(rid) 
     INTO tata 
     FROM participatedin, car 
    WHERE car.cid = participatedin.cid 
     AND model = 'honda'; 
    SELECT COUNT(rid) 
     INTO benz 
     FROM participatedin, car 
    WHERE car.cid = participatedin.cid 
     AND model = 'benz'; 
    sum1 := tata + benz; 
    RETURN sum1; 
    END; 
BEGIN 
    tot := accident(); 
    dbms_output.put_line('Honda+Benz= ' || tot); 
END; 
/