我需要索引哪些字段？

Question

当我运行一个查询：

select categories.name as CatName, items.name as ItemName, item_options.price as Price from categories 
left join items on categories.id = items.category_id 
left join item_options on items.id = item_options.item_id 
Where categories.takeawayID = 55276 

它需要很长时间才能得到结果：273行中的一组（3分14.56秒）

它看起来像我需要的字段添加索引？但哪一个？

我尝试添加使用SELECT查询说明，我不明白是什么意思：

mysql> Explain select categories.name as CatName, items.name as ItemName, item_options.price as Price from categories 
    -> left join items on categories.id = items.category_id 
    -> left join item_options on items.id = item_options.item_id 
    -> Where categories.takeawayID = 55276; 
+----+-------------+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+-----------------------+--------+-------------+ 
| id | select_type | table  | type | possible_keys        | key   | key_len | ref     | rows | Extra  | 
+----+-------------+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+-----------------------+--------+-------------+ 
| 1 | SIMPLE  | categories | ALL | NULL          | NULL   | NULL | NULL     | 14086 | Using where | 
| 1 | SIMPLE  | items  | ref | category_id_2,category_id_3,category_id_4 | category_id_2 | 4  | menu.categories.id |  9 |    | 
| 1 | SIMPLE  | item_options | ALL | NULL          | NULL   | NULL | NULL     | 197401 |    | 
+----+-------------+--------------+------+-------------------------------------------+---------------+---------+-----------------------+--------+-------------+ 

Answer 1

作为一个经验法则，你应该对任何处于join，where，group by或order by添加索引部分。

这通常意味着名称中包含id的所有东西都应该获得索引。