VBA可以跨越Excel的实例吗？

Question

在Excel的一个实例中运行的Excel VBA宏是否可以访问另一个正在运行的Excel实例的工作簿？例如，我想创建一个在任何正在运行的Excel实例中打开的所有工作簿的列表。

Answer 1

科尼利厄斯的答案是部分正确的。他的代码获取当前实例，然后创建一个新实例。 GetObject只有获得第一个实例，无论有多少实例可用。我相信的问题是如何从多个实例中获得特定的实例。

对于VBA项目，使用一个名为Command1的命令按钮创建两个模块，一个代码模块，另一个作为窗体。您可能需要添加对Microsoft.Excel的引用。

此代码显示立即窗口中每个正在运行的Excel实例的每个工作簿的所有名称。

'------------- Code Module -------------- 

Option Explicit 

Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long 
Declare Function GetClassName Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long 
Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long 
Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long 

Type UUID 'GUID 
    Data1 As Long 
    Data2 As Integer 
    Data3 As Integer 
    Data4(7) As Byte 
End Type 

'------------- Form Module -------------- 

Option Explicit 

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}" 
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As Long = &HFFFFFFF0 

'Sub GetAllWorkbookWindowNames() 
Sub Command1_Click() 
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

    Dim hWndMain As Long 
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 

    Do While hWndMain <> 0 
     GetWbkWindows hWndMain 
     hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 
    Loop 

    Exit Sub 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetAllWorkbookWindowNames" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 
End Sub 

Private Sub GetWbkWindows(ByVal hWndMain As Long) 
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

    Dim hWndDesk As Long 
    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString) 

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then 
     Dim hWnd As Long 
     hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString) 

     Dim strText As String 
     Dim lngRet As Long 
     Do While hWnd <> 0 
      strText = String$(100, Chr$(0)) 
      lngRet = GetClassName(hWnd, strText, 100) 

      If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then 
       GetExcelObjectFromHwnd hWnd 
       Exit Sub 
      End If 

      hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, hWnd, vbNullString, vbNullString) 
      Loop 

     On Error Resume Next 
    End If 

    Exit Sub 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetWbkWindows" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 
End Sub 

Public Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWnd As Long) As Boolean 
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

    Dim fOk As Boolean 
    fOk = False 

    Dim iid As UUID 
    Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid) 

    Dim obj As Object 
    If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hWnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK 
     Dim objApp As Excel.Application 
     Set objApp = obj.Application 
     Debug.Print objApp.Workbooks(1).Name 

     Dim myWorksheet As Worksheet 
     For Each myWorksheet In objApp.Workbooks(1).Worksheets 
      Debug.Print "  " & myWorksheet.Name 
      DoEvents 
     Next 

     fOk = True 
    End If 

    GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = fOk 

    Exit Function 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 
End Function 

Answer 2

我不相信这是可能的只使用VBA，因为您可以访问的最高级别的对象是应用程序对象，它是当前的Excel实例。

Answer 3

我相信VBA比查尔斯认为更强大;）

如果只有从GetObject and CreateObject指向特定实例一些棘手的方式，我们将有你的问题解决了！

编辑：

如果你是所有实例的创建者应该有事情像上市工作簿没有任何问题。看看这个代码：

Sub Excels() 
    Dim currentExcel As Excel.Application 
    Dim newExcel As Excel.Application 

    Set currentExcel = GetObject(, "excel.application") 
    Set newExcel = CreateObject("excel.application") 

    newExcel.Visible = True 
    newExcel.Workbooks.Add 
    'and so on... 
End Sub 

Answer 4

我认为，在VBA内，你可以访问应用程序对象在另一个运行实例。如果您知道在其他实例中打开的工作簿的名称，则可以获取对该应用程序对象的引用。见Allen Waytt's page

最后一部分，

Dim xlApp As Excel.Application
Set xlApp = GetObject("c:\mypath\ExampleBook.xlsx").Application

让我得到一个指针，有ExampleBook.xlsx开放实例的应用对象。

我相信“ExampleBook”必须是完整的路径，至少在Excel 2010中。我目前正在尝试这个，所以我会尝试更新，因为我会得到更多的细节。

如果单独的实例打开相同的工作簿，但只有一个可能具有写入访问权限，则可能会有复杂情况发生。

Answer 5

我有一个类似的问题/目标。

而且我得到了ForEachLoops答案，但是需要做出改变。 在底层函数（GetExcelObjectFromHwnd）中，他在两个debug.print命令中都使用1的工作簿索引。结果是你只能看到第一个WB。

所以我拿了他的代码，并在GetExcelObjectFromHwnd中放置一个for循环，并将1更改为一个计数器。结果是我可以获得所有活动的Excel工作簿，并返回我需要跨Excel实例访问的信息并访问其他WB。

我创建了一个类型，以简化信息的检索，并将其传递回调用子程序：

Type TargetWBType 
    name As String 
    returnObj As Object 
    returnApp As Excel.Application 
    returnWBIndex As Integer 
End Type 

对于名字我只是用的基本文件名，例如“example.xls”。该片段通过在目标WB的每个WS上吐出A6的值来证明该功能。像这样：

Dim targetWB As TargetWBType 
targetWB.name = "example.xls" 

Call GetAllWorkbookWindowNames(targetWB) 

If Not targetWB.returnObj Is Nothing Then 
    Set targetWB.returnApp = targetWB.returnObj.Application 
    Dim ws As Worksheet 
    For Each ws In targetWB.returnApp.Workbooks(targetWB.returnWBIndex).Worksheets 
     MsgBox ws.Range("A6").Value 
    Next 
Else 
    MsgBox "Target WB Not found" 
End If 

所以现在整个模块foreach循环原先作出这个样子的，我已经表明我所做的更改。它有一个msgbox弹出窗口，我留在片段中进行调试。一旦找到你的目标，就把它剥掉。代码：

Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "User32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long 
Declare Function GetClassName Lib "User32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long 
Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long 
Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hWnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long 

Type UUID 'GUID 
    Data1 As Long 
    Data2 As Integer 
    Data3 As Integer 
    Data4(7) As Byte 
End Type 

'------------- Form Module -------------- 

Option Explicit 

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}" 
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As Long = &HFFFFFFF0 

'My code: added targetWB 
Sub GetAllWorkbookWindowNames(targetWB As TargetWBType) 
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

    Dim hWndMain As Long 
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 

    Do While hWndMain <> 0 
     GetWbkWindows hWndMain, targetWB 'My code: added targetWB 
     hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 
    Loop 

    Exit Sub 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetAllWorkbookWindowNames" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 
End Sub 

'My code: added targetWB 
Private Sub GetWbkWindows(ByVal hWndMain As Long, targetWB As TargetWBType) 
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

    Dim hWndDesk As Long 
    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString) 

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then 
     Dim hWnd As Long 
     hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString) 

     Dim strText As String 
     Dim lngRet As Long 
     Do While hWnd <> 0 
      strText = String$(100, Chr$(0)) 
      lngRet = GetClassName(hWnd, strText, 100) 

      If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then 
       GetExcelObjectFromHwnd hWnd, targetWB 'My code: added targetWB 
       Exit Sub 
      End If 

      hWnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, hWnd, vbNullString, vbNullString) 
      Loop 

     On Error Resume Next 
    End If 

    Exit Sub 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetWbkWindows" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 
End Sub 

'My code: added targetWB 
Public Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWnd As Long, targetWB As TargetWBType) As Boolean 
    On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

    Dim fOk As Boolean 
    fOk = False 

    Dim iid As UUID 
    Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid) 

    Dim obj As Object 
    If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(hWnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK 
     Dim objApp As Excel.Application 
     Set objApp = obj.Application 

     'My code 
     Dim wbCount As Integer 
     For wbCount = 1 To objApp.Workbooks.Count 
     'End my code 

      'Not my code 
      Debug.Print objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).name 

      'My code 
       If LCase(objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).name) = LCase(targetWB.name) Then 
        MsgBox ("Found target: " & targetWB.name) 
        Set targetWB.returnObj = obj 
        targetWB.returnWBIndex = wbCount 
       End If 
      'End My code 

      'Not my code 
      Dim myWorksheet As Worksheet 
      For Each myWorksheet In objApp.Workbooks(wbCount).Worksheets 
       Debug.Print "  " & myWorksheet.name 
       DoEvents 
      Next 

     'My code 
     Next 
     'Not my code 

     fOk = True 
    End If 

    GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = fOk 

    Exit Function 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 
End Function 

我再说一遍，这个工作，并使用TargetWB类型中的变量，我确实访问跨Excel的情况下，工作簿和工作表。

我在解决方案中看到的唯一潜在问题是如果您有多个具有相同名称的WB。现在，我相信它会返回该名称的最后一个实例。如果我们将Exit For添加到If中，那么我相信它会返回它的第一个实例。我没有完全测试这个部分，因为在我的应用程序中只有一个文件实例处于打开状态。

Answer 6

感谢这篇不错的文章，我有一个例程来查找返回当前在机器上运行的所有Excel应用程序的数组。麻烦的是，我刚刚升级到Office 2013 64位，它都出错了。

有一种将... Declare Function ...转换为... Declare PtrSafe Function ...的常用方法，这在其他地方已有很好的文档。但是，我无法找到任何文档是因为升级后原始代码期望的窗口层次结构（'XLMAIN' - >'XLDESK' - >'EXCEL7'）已更改。对于任何追随我的脚步的人来说，为了节省下午的时间，我想我会发布我的更新脚本。这很难测试，但我认为它应该向后兼容，以便采取更好的措施。

Option Explicit 

#If Win64 Then 

    Private Declare PtrSafe Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As LongPtr, ByVal hWnd2 As LongPtr, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As LongPtr 
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal Hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As LongPtr) As LongPtr 
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As LongPtr, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As LongPtr 
    Private Declare PtrSafe Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal Hwnd As LongPtr, ByVal dwId As LongPtr, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As LongPtr 

#Else 

    Private Declare Function FindWindowEx Lib "user32" Alias "FindWindowExA" (ByVal hWnd1 As Long, ByVal hWnd2 As Long, ByVal lpsz1 As String, ByVal lpsz2 As String) As Long 
    Private Declare Function GetClassName Lib "user32" Alias "GetClassNameA" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal lpClassName As String, ByVal nMaxCount As Long) As Long 
    Private Declare Function IIDFromString Lib "ole32" (ByVal lpsz As Long, ByRef lpiid As UUID) As Long 
    Private Declare Function AccessibleObjectFromWindow Lib "oleacc" (ByVal hwnd As Long, ByVal dwId As Long, ByRef riid As UUID, ByRef ppvObject As Object) As Long 

#End If 

Type UUID 'GUID 
    Data1 As Long 
    Data2 As Integer 
    Data3 As Integer 
    Data4(7) As Byte 
End Type 

Const IID_IDispatch As String = "{00020400-0000-0000-C000-000000000046}" 
Const OBJID_NATIVEOM As LongPtr = &HFFFFFFF0 

' Run as entry point of example 
Public Sub Test() 

Dim i As Long 
Dim xlApps() As Application 

    If GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps) Then 
     For i = LBound(xlApps) To UBound(xlApps) 
      If xlApps(i).Workbooks(1).Name <> ThisWorkbook.Name Then 
       MsgBox (xlApps(i).Workbooks(1).Name) 
      End If 
     Next 
    End If 

End Sub 

' Actual public facing function to be called in other code 
Public Function GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps() As Application) As Long 

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

Dim n As Long 
#If Win64 Then 
    Dim hWndMain As LongPtr 
#Else 
    Dim hWndMain As Long 
#End If 
Dim app As Application 

    ' Cater for 100 potential Excel instances, clearly could be better 
    ReDim xlApps(1 To 100) 

    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 

    Do While hWndMain <> 0 
     Set app = GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(hWndMain) 
     If Not (app Is Nothing) Then 
      If n = 0 Then 
       n = n + 1 
       Set xlApps(n) = app 
      ElseIf checkHwnds(xlApps, app.Hwnd) Then 
       n = n + 1 
       Set xlApps(n) = app 
      End If 
     End If 
     hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 
    Loop 

    If n Then 
     ReDim Preserve xlApps(1 To n) 
     GetAllExcelInstances = n 
    Else 
     Erase xlApps 
    End If 

    Exit Function 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetAllExcelInstances" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 

End Function 

#If Win64 Then 
    Private Function checkHwnds(xlApps() As Application, Hwnd As LongPtr) As Boolean 
#Else 
    Private Function checkHwnds(xlApps() As Application, Hwnd As Long) As Boolean 
#End If 

Dim i As Integer 

    For i = LBound(xlApps) To UBound(xlApps) 
     If xlApps(i).Hwnd = Hwnd Then 
      checkHwnds = False 
      Exit Function 
     End If 
    Next i 

    checkHwnds = True 

End Function 

#If Win64 Then 
    Private Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWndMain As LongPtr) As Application 
#Else 
    Private Function GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(ByVal hWndMain As Long) As Application 
#End If 

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

#If Win64 Then 
    Dim hWndDesk As LongPtr 
    Dim Hwnd As LongPtr 
#Else 
    Dim hWndDesk As Long 
    Dim Hwnd As Long 
#End If 
Dim strText As String 
Dim lngRet As Long 
Dim iid As UUID 
Dim obj As Object 

    hWndDesk = FindWindowEx(hWndMain, 0&, "XLDESK", vbNullString) 

    If hWndDesk <> 0 Then 

     Hwnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, 0, vbNullString, vbNullString) 

     Do While Hwnd <> 0 

     strText = String$(100, Chr$(0)) 
     lngRet = CLng(GetClassName(Hwnd, strText, 100)) 

     If Left$(strText, lngRet) = "EXCEL7" Then 

      Call IIDFromString(StrPtr(IID_IDispatch), iid) 

      If AccessibleObjectFromWindow(Hwnd, OBJID_NATIVEOM, iid, obj) = 0 Then 'S_OK 

       Set GetExcelObjectFromHwnd = obj.Application 
       Exit Function 

      End If 

     End If 

     Hwnd = FindWindowEx(hWndDesk, Hwnd, vbNullString, vbNullString) 
     Loop 

     On Error Resume Next 

    End If 

    Exit Function 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetExcelObjectFromHwnd" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 

End Function 

Answer 7

我想补充詹姆斯MacAdie的答案，我想你做的REDIM为时已晚，因为在checkHwnds工作，你结束了一个超出范围的错误你尽力检查值高达100，即使你还没有完全填充阵列？我修改了下面的代码，现在它适用于我。

' Actual public facing function to be called in other code 
Public Function GetAllExcelInstances(xlApps() As Application) As Long 

On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler 

Dim n As Long 
#If Win64 Then 
    Dim hWndMain As LongPtr 
#Else 
    Dim hWndMain As Long 
#End If 
Dim app As Application 

' Cater for 100 potential Excel instances, clearly could be better 
ReDim xlApps(1 To 100) 

hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, 0&, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 

Do While hWndMain <> 0 
    Set app = GetExcelObjectFromHwnd(hWndMain) 
    If Not (app Is Nothing) Then 
     If n = 0 Then 
      n = n + 1 
      ReDim Preserve xlApps(1 To n) 
      Set xlApps(n) = app 
     ElseIf checkHwnds(xlApps, app.Hwnd) Then 
      n = n + 1 
      ReDim Preserve xlApps(1 To n) 
      Set xlApps(n) = app 
     End If 
    End If 
    hWndMain = FindWindowEx(0&, hWndMain, "XLMAIN", vbNullString) 
Loop 

If n Then 
    GetAllExcelInstances = n 
Else 
    Erase xlApps 
End If 

Exit Function 

MyErrorHandler: 
    MsgBox "GetAllExcelInstances" & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & "Err = " & Err.Number & vbCrLf & "Description: " & Err.Description 

End Function