gfortran：找不到适用于x86_64体系结构的符号

Question

我试图在一周内编译用F90和C编写的代码。我不断收到一个未定义的符号错误。我会尽量提供尽可能多的信息，但该软件包包含数百个文件，因此提供所有细节有点困难。这是Makefile文件

include paths.mk 
include include.mk.$(OPT) 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 


#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 
#  Double check that the "LOWO" flags have been set. In case they have not, clone the # 
# standard options. LOWO stands for LOWer Optimisation, and these flags are used for a # 
# subroutines that are taking several hours to compile with ifort-13 (ed_state_vars.f90 # 
# and a few others).                  # 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 
ifeq ($(F_LOWO_OPTS),) 
    F_LOWO_OPTS = $(F_OPTS) 
endif 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 



#----- Compiler commands. -----------------------------------------------------------------# 
INCLUDES   = $(PAR_INCS) -I$(ED_INCS) $(HDF5_INCS) $(MPI_INCS) 
F90_COMMAND  = $(F_COMP) -c $(F_OPTS) $(INCLUDES) $(PAR_DEFS) 
F90_LOWO_COMMAND = $(F_COMP) -c $(F_LOWO_OPTS) $(INCLUDES) $(PAR_DEFS) 
FPP_COMMAND  = $(F_COMP) -c -DUSE_INTERF=$(USE_INTERF) -DUSENC=$(USENC) -D$(CMACH)  \ 
        -DUSE_HDF5=$(USE_HDF5) -DUSE_COLLECTIVE_MPIO=$(USE_COLLECTIVE_MPIO)  \ 
        -DUSE_MPIWTIME=$(USE_MPIWTIME) $(F_OPTS) $(INCLUDES) $(PAR_DEFS) 
FPP_LOWO_COMMAND = $(F_COMP) -c -DUSE_INTERF=$(USE_INTERF) -DUSENC=$(USENC) -D$(CMACH)  \ 
        -DUSE_HDF5=$(USE_HDF5) -DUSE_COLLECTIVE_MPIO=$(USE_COLLECTIVE_MPIO)  \ 
        -DUSE_MPIWTIME=$(USE_MPIWTIME) $(F_LOWO_OPTS) $(INCLUDES) $(PAR_DEFS) 
CXX_COMMAND  = $(C_COMP) -c $(C_OPTS) -D$(CMACH) $(HDF5_INCS) $(INCLUDES) $(PAR_DEFS) 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 


#----- Define archive and executable names. -----------------------------------------------# 
EXE=$(BASE)/ed_$(ED_VERSION)-$(OPT) 
LIBMODEL=$(BASE)/ed_$(ED_VERSION)-$(OPT).a 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 

include objects.mk 

#----- Define targets. --------------------------------------------------------------------# 

all: 
    make gendep 
    make $(EXE) 
    make $(EXE) 
    make $(EXE) 
    make $(EXE) 
    make $(EXE) 


gendep: 
    @echo "" 
    ./generate_deps.sh $(ED_ROOT) 
    @echo === Finished dependencies === 

$(EXE): $(LIBMODEL) $(MAINOBJ) 
    @echo "" 
    $(LOADER) -o $(EXE) edmain.o $(LOADER_OPTS) $(INCLUDES) $(LIBMODEL) $(HDF5_LIBS) \ 
    $(PAR_LIBS) $(NC_LIBS) $(LIBS) $(LOADER_OPTS) 
    @echo "" 
    @echo Finished building === $(EXE) 
    @echo "" 

$(MAINOBJ): $(MAIN) 
    @echo "" 
    cp -f $< $(<F:.F90=.F90) 
    $(FPP_COMMAND) $(<F:.F90=.F90) 
    rm -f $(<F:.F90=.F90) 

$(LIBMODEL): $(OBJ_MODEL) 
    $(ARCHIVE) $(LIBMODEL) $(OBJ_MODEL) 

FORCE: 

install: 
    @echo "" 
    ln -fs `pwd`/$(EXE) ../run/$(BASE) 
    ln -fs `pwd`/$(EXE) ../test/$(BASE) 
    @echo "" 

clean: 
    @echo "" 
    rm -f $(LIBMODEL) $(EXE) *.o *.mod *.F90 *.f90 *.stb *.d dependency.mk 
    rm -f ../$(EXE) ../$(LIBMODEL) 
    touch dependency.mk 
    @echo "" 

#----- Define rules -----------------------------------------------------------------------# 
include rules.mk 

Makefile文件包括这个其他的文件

# Define make (gnu make works best). 

MAKE=/usr/bin/make 

# libraries. 

BASE=$(ED_ROOT)/build/ 

# Activate appropriate parts below, comment out others. 

# HDF 5 Libraries 
# ED2 HAS OPTIONAL HDF 5 I/O 
# If you wish to use this functionality specify USE_HDF5=1 
# and specify the location of the include directory 
# library files. Make sure you include the zlib.a location too. 

USE_HDF5=1 
HDF5_INCS=-I/opt/local/include 
HDF5_LIBS= -L/opt/local/lib -lhdf5 -lhdf5_fortran -lz -L/opt/local/lib/libgcc/ -lstdc++ -lm 

#--------------------------------------------------------------- 
# If you have a version of hdf5 compiled in parallel, then you 
# may benefit from collective I/O, then use this flag = 1 
# Otherwise, set it to zero. 

USE_COLLECTIVE_MPIO=0 

#--------------------------------------------------------------- 

# interface ---------------------------------------------------- 
# This should be 1 unless you are running with -gen-interfaces. 
# Interfaces usually make the compilation to crash when the 
# -gen-interfaces option are on, so this flag bypass all 
# interfaces in the code. 
USE_INTERF=1 


# MPI_Wtime. --------------------------------------------------- 
# If USE_MPIWTIME=1, then it will use MPI libraries to compute 
# the wall time (the only double-precision intrinsic). In case 
# you don't have it, leave USE_MPIWTIME=0, in which case it will 
# use a simpler, single-precision function. 
USE_MPIWTIME=0 


#----------------- MAC_OS_X (Leopard) ---- gfortan/gcc --------------- 
CMACH=MAC_OS_X 
F_COMP=gfortran 
C_COMP=gcc 
LOADER=gfortran 

##################################### COMPILER OPTIONS ##################################### 

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 
USE_INTERF=1 
F_OPTS= -O0 -ffree-line-length-none 
C_OPTS= -O0 -DLITTLE -stdlib=libstdc++ 
F_LOWO_OPTS= -O0 -ffree-line-length-none 
LOADER_OPTS= -O0 -ffixed-line-length-none 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 

# For IBM,HP,SGI,ALPHA,LINUX use these: 
ARCHIVE=ar rs 
# For NEC SX-6 
#ARCHIVE=sxar rs 
# For SUN,CONVEX 
#ARCHIVE=ar r' 

编译看起来不错除了有一些警告。然后在链接阶段出现问题。化妆的最后一行写着：

ar rs /Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/build//ed_2.1-opt.a allometry.o an_header.o 

    !!!all other object files listed!!! 

therm_lib.o therm_lib8.o twostream_rad.o update_derived_props.o utils_c.o utils_f.o vegetation_dynamics.o 

ar: creating archive /Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/build//ed_2.1-opt.a 
    /opt/local/bin/ranlib: file: /Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/build//ed_2.1-opt.a(consts_coms.o) has no symbols 
    /opt/local/bin/ranlib: file: /Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/build//ed_2.1-opt.a(ed_max_dims.o) has no symbols 

    cp -f /Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/src/driver/edmain.F90 edmain.F90 
    gfortran -c -DUSE_INTERF=1 -DUSENC= -DMAC_OS_X -DUSE_HDF5=1 -DUSE_COLLECTIVE_MPIO=0 -DUSE_MPIWTIME=0 -O0 -ffree-line-length-none -I/Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/src/include -I/opt/local/include edmain.F90 
    rm -f edmain.F90 

    gfortran -o /Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/build//ed_2.1-opt edmain.o -O0 -ffixed-line-length-none -I/Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/src/include -I/opt/local/include /Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/build//ed_2.1-opt.a -L/opt/local/lib -lhdf5 -lhdf5_fortran -lz -L/opt/local/lib/libgcc/ -lstdc++ -lm \ 
      -O0 -ffixed-line-length-none 
    Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: 
     "_calchydrosubsurface_", referenced from: 
      _ed_model_ in ed_2.1-opt.a(ed_model.o) 
     "_calchydrosurface_", referenced from: 
      _ed_model_ in ed_2.1-opt.a(ed_model.o) 
     "_canopy_photosynthesis_", referenced from: 
      ___rk4_driver_MOD_rk4_timestep in ed_2.1-opt.a(rk4_driver.o) 


    !!!all other similar errors!!! 


    "_writehydro_", referenced from: 
      _ed_model_ in ed_2.1-opt.a(ed_model.o) 
    ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 
    collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status 
    make[1]: *** [/Users/manfredo/Desktop/ED2/ED/build//ed_2.1-opt] Error 1 
    make: *** [all] Error 2 

感谢

Answer 1

这是一个连接错误。您似乎无法链接到包含_calchydrosubsurface_的.o文件或库。在不知道使用的源代码或库的情况下，很难为您提供帮助，但可以告诉您需要查找的内容：

搜索包含calchydrosubsurface的源代码或库;一旦找到，请确保符号正确导出（nm <object file>），并确保您链接到您的make文件中。