2011-06-02 100 views
7

我知道使用EXPLAIN ANALYZE我可以得到预计的成本和实际执行时间(它们是不同的单位,啊!),但有没有办法让Postgres告诉我它需要做多少I/O(逻辑或物理)来满足查询?有没有办法让postgres显示实际的I/O查询

(我在寻找相当于“组统计木卫一”为Sybase或MS SQL Server)。

回答

9

在PostgreSQL的9.0开始,你可以执行:

EXPLAIN (ANALYZE ON, BUFFERS ON) SELECT ... 

,它会告诉你该语句与PostgreSQL的缓存如何相互作用。在报告缓存未命中的情况下,这将是一次操作系统调用以读取某些内容。你不能确定这是一个物理I/O,因为它可能在OS缓存中。但这可能更像你在这里寻找的东西,而不是试图查看pg_stat_ *信息。

1

有没有什么简单的SET STATISTICS IO ONPostgreSQL,很遗憾。但是,通过pg_statio_*系统目录可以获得IO统计信息。这并不完美,因为数据不在会话范围内,但如果您希望查看高效查询的效果并处于无尘室环境,那么对于大多数问题来说,这种方法足够好。

http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/monitoring-stats.html

1

不是真的如PostgreSQL的也很大程度上依赖于操作系统的缓存,它没有办法知道发生了什么事情在那里的方式。 pg_catalog中的pg_statio *系列视图保持运行计数的命中和实际读取,但这些读取可能已经命中了操作系统缓存。

8

这个答案是没有直接关系到一个特定的查询语句,但对于帮助那些谁寻求呈现出“磁盘缓存VS”的方式,当在这里结束:

-- perform a "select pg_stat_reset();" when you want to reset counter statistics 
with 
all_tables as 
(
SELECT * 
FROM (
    SELECT 'all'::text as table_name, 
     sum((coalesce(heap_blks_read,0) + coalesce(idx_blks_read,0) + coalesce(toast_blks_read,0) + coalesce(tidx_blks_read,0))) as from_disk, 
     sum((coalesce(heap_blks_hit,0) + coalesce(idx_blks_hit,0) + coalesce(toast_blks_hit,0) + coalesce(tidx_blks_hit,0)) ) as from_cache  
    FROM pg_statio_all_tables --> change to pg_statio_USER_tables if you want to check only user tables (excluding postgres's own tables) 
    ) a 
WHERE (from_disk + from_cache) > 0 -- discard tables without hits 
), 
tables as 
(
SELECT * 
FROM (
    SELECT relname as table_name, 
     ((coalesce(heap_blks_read,0) + coalesce(idx_blks_read,0) + coalesce(toast_blks_read,0) + coalesce(tidx_blks_read,0))) as from_disk, 
     ((coalesce(heap_blks_hit,0) + coalesce(idx_blks_hit,0) + coalesce(toast_blks_hit,0) + coalesce(tidx_blks_hit,0)) ) as from_cache  
    FROM pg_statio_all_tables --> change to pg_statio_USER_tables if you want to check only user tables (excluding postgres's own tables) 
    ) a 
WHERE (from_disk + from_cache) > 0 -- discard tables without hits 
) 
SELECT table_name as "table name", 
    from_disk as "disk hits", 
    round((from_disk::numeric/(from_disk + from_cache)::numeric)*100.0,2) as "% disk hits", 
    round((from_cache::numeric/(from_disk + from_cache)::numeric)*100.0,2) as "% cache hits", 
    (from_disk + from_cache) as "total hits" 
FROM (SELECT * FROM all_tables UNION ALL SELECT * FROM tables) a 
ORDER BY (case when table_name = 'all' then 0 else 1 end), from_disk desc 

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