TypeError：file（）至多需要3个参数（给出4个参数）

Question

我在Mac上使用Spyder，Spyder上的Python版本是2.7。几个月前，我一直在使用下面的代码来刮掉推文，但现在我发现它不再有效。首先，我可以不再使用：

from urllib.request import url open 

现在使用

from urllib2 import url open 

但是，我不能运行，下面的代码，并出现以下错误：“打开（“％s_tweets.csv '％SCREEN_NAME， 'W'，换行符='”，编码= 'UTF-8-SIG'）为f：类型错误：文件（）采用至多3个参数（4给出）”

import sys 
from urllib2 import urlopen 

default_encoding = 'utf-8' 

import tweepy #https://github.com/tweepy/tweepy 
import csv 

#Twitter API credentials 
consumer_key = "" 
consumer_secret = "" 
access_key = "" 
access_secret = "" 

screenNamesList = [] 

def redirect(url): 
page = urlopen(url) 
return page.geturl() 

def get_all_tweets(screen_name): 
#Twitter only allows access to a users most recent 3240 tweets with this method 

#authorize twitter, initialize tweepy 
auth = tweepy.OAuthHandler(consumer_key, consumer_secret) 
auth.set_access_token(access_key, access_secret) 
api = tweepy.API(auth, wait_on_rate_limit = True) 

#initialize a list to hold all the tweepy Tweets 
alltweets = [] 

#make initial request for most recent tweets (200 is the maximum allowed count) 
new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name = screen_name,count=200) 

#save most recent tweets 
alltweets.extend(new_tweets) 

#save the id of the oldest tweet less one 
oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1 

#keep grabbing tweets until there are no tweets left to grab 
while len(new_tweets) > 0: 
    #print "getting tweets before %s" % (oldest) 

    #all subsiquent requests use the max_id param to prevent duplicates 
    new_tweets = api.user_timeline(screen_name = screen_name,count=200,max_id=oldest) 

    #save most recent tweets 
    alltweets.extend(new_tweets) 

    #update the id of the oldest tweet less one 
    oldest = alltweets[-1].id - 1 

    #print "...%s tweets downloaded so far" % (len(alltweets)) 

#transform the tweepy tweets into a 2D array that will populate the csv 
outtweets = [[tweet.id_str, tweet.created_at, tweet.text, tweet.retweet_count, tweet.coordinates, tweet.favorite_count, tweet.author.followers_count, tweet.author.description, tweet.author.location, tweet.author.name] for tweet in alltweets] 

#write the csv 

with open('%s_tweets.csv' % screen_name, 'w', newline='', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f: 
    writer = csv.writer(f) 
    writer.writerow(["id", "created_at", "text", "retweet_count", "coordinates", "favorite_count", "followers_count", "description", "location", "name"]) 
    writer.writerows(outtweets) 

pass 


if __name__ == '__main__': 
#pass in the username of the account you want to download 
for i, user in enumerate(screenNamesList): 
    get_all_tweets(screenNamesList[i]) 
    i+=1 

Answer 1

此代码是针对python 3的，其中open获取新参数：

• 编码
• 换行符

在Python 2，只有3个参数的可能：

open(name[, mode[, buffering]])

buffering是不是你想要的。其他人无处可寻。

您可以通过使用

with open('%s_tweets.csv' % screen_name, 'wb') as f: 

打开二进制补丁手柄csv模块的“空行”错误解决这一点。使用python 3（只有“旧”版本，最新版本不需要），你必须通过newline=""，因为你不能以二进制格式打开一个csv文件。

为了处理编码和换行符，你可以只是做描述here：

from io import open 

，并留下您的代码保持不变的其余部分。好吧，你几乎必须为你的标题添加前缀unicode，如下所示：

writer.writerow([u"id", u"created_at", u"text", u"retweet_count", u"coordinates", u"favorite_count", u"followers_count", u"description", u"location", u"name"])