我想编写我自己的Vector类模板,并且还想添加一些专业化,例如可以通过x/y/z访问组件的3D矢量类型。C++模板专业化冗余减少
到目前为止,模板和专业化工作状况良好,但问题是,专用模板需要从基本模板进行大量复制/粘贴才能正常工作。我想减少这一点。
这是它看起来像现在:
template<class T, unsigned int dim>
class Vector;
template<class T, unsigned int dim>
Vector<T, dim> add(Vector<T, dim> const& lhs, Vector<T, dim> const& rhs)
{
Vector<T, dim> tmp;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dim; ++i)
{
tmp[i] = lhs[i] + rhs[i];
}
return tmp;
}
template<class T, unsigned int dim, class S>
Vector<T, dim> add(Vector<T, dim> const& lhs, S const& rhs)
{
Vector<T, dim> tmp;
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dim; ++i)
{
tmp[i] = lhs[i] + rhs;
}
return tmp;
}
template<class T, unsigned int dim>
Vector<T, dim> operator+(Vector<T, dim> const& lhs, Vector<T, dim> const& rhs)
{
return vectors::add(lhs, rhs);
}
template<class T, unsigned int dim, class S>
Vector<T, dim> operator+(Vector<T, dim> const& lhs, S const& rhs)
{
return vectors::add(lhs, rhs);
}
template<class T, unsigned int dim>
class Vector
{
//...
protected:
T values[dim] __attribute((aligned(16)));
public:
template<class R, unsigned int fdim>
friend Vector<R, fdim> operator+(Vector<R, fdim> const& lhs, Vector<R, fdim> const& rhs);
template<class R, unsigned int fdim, class S>
friend Vector<R, fdim> operator+(Vector<R, fdim> const& lhs, S const& rhs);
template<class R, unsigned int fdim, class S>
friend Vector<R, fdim> operator+(S const& lhs, Vector<R, fdim> const& rhs);
//...
//constructors, etc.
};
template<class T>
class Vector<T, 3>
{
//...
protected:
T values[3] __attribute((aligned(16)));
public:
T& x = values[0];
T& y = values[1];
T& z = values[2];
//lots of copy-pasta :(
template<class R, unsigned int fdim>
friend Vector<R, fdim> operator+(Vector<R, fdim> const& lhs, Vector<R, fdim> const& rhs);
template<class R, unsigned int fdim, class S>
friend Vector<R, fdim> operator+(Vector<R, fdim> const& lhs, S const& rhs);
template<class R, unsigned int fdim, class S>
friend Vector<R, fdim> operator+(S const& lhs, Vector<R, fdim> const& rhs);
//...
//constructors, etc.
};
现在我认为最简单的办法是简单地定义Vector3D
作为一个子类Vector
模板的,就像这样:
template<class T>
class Vector3D: public Vector<T, 3>
{
//...
public:
T& x = values[0];
T& y = values[1];
T& z = values[2];
//no copy-pasta :)
//...
//constructors, etc.
};
这并不在所有的工作中,由于不确定性:
ambiguous overload for ‘operator+’ (operand types are ‘const vec3f {aka const math::vectors::Vector3D<float>}’ and ‘math::vectors::vec3f {aka math::vectors::Vector3D<float>}’)
../main.cpp:84:16: note: candidates are:
In file included from ../main.cpp:10:0:
../include/vector.hpp:720:16: note: math::vectors::Vector<T, dim> math::vectors::operator+(const math::vectors::Vector<T, dim>&, const math::vectors::Vector<T, dim>&) [with T = float; unsigned int dim = 3u]
Vector<T, dim> operator+(Vector<T, dim> const& lhs, Vector<T, dim> const& rhs)
^
../include/vector.hpp:726:16: note: math::vectors::Vector<T, dim> math::vectors::operator+(const math::vectors::Vector<T, dim>&, const S&) [with T = float; unsigned int dim = 3u; S = math::vectors::Vector3D<float>]
Vector<T, dim> operator+(Vector<T, dim> const& lhs, S const& rhs)
^
../include/vector.hpp:732:16: note: math::vectors::Vector<T, dim> math::vectors::operator+(const S&, const math::vectors::Vector<T, dim>&) [with T = float; unsigned int dim = 3u; S = math::vectors::Vector3D<float>]
Vector<T, dim> operator+(S const& lhs, Vector<T, dim> const& rhs)
因此,看起来模板替换失败了,因为S也可以被新的Vector3D类替代,而它应该只处理标量。
于是,我就写了标量小包装类,像这样摆脱这个问题的:
template<class T>
class ScalarType
{
public:
T value;
ScalarType() :
value(0)
{
}
ScalarType(T const& _v) :
value(_v)
{
}
ScalarType(ScalarType<T> const& rhs) :
value(rhs.value)
{
}
operator T&()
{
return value;
}
operator T() const
{
return value;
}
};
而且随着ScalarType<S> const& (l|r)hs
取代的S const& (l|r)hs
所有实例。
让操作符在两侧再次运行Vector,但是应该处理Vector-Scalar操作的操作符仍然失败。
这次是因为标量值必须显式为ScalarType
,因为对其的隐式转换不适用于模板替换。
那么,有什么办法让这个工作或我必须坚持复制粘贴代码?
这是可能实现http://stackoverflow.com/questions/31449433/ generic-c-multidimensional-iterators/38510047#38510047 – slavanap
你做得太多了。有一个基类向量(值元组),并用循环实现操作(使用模板参数'dim')。然后(仅当性能和(!)编译器生成的程序集不够好时),请调整专门的模板。在任何情况下,都要在专门的模板中保留专门的功能(不要混淆基类) –
@DieterLücking,这就是计划。这些操作符根本不是专用的,只是Vector类本身,而且仅仅是因为我想通过Vector3D测试等简单引用来访问矢量组件; test.x = 12; 但是,当我只是专注于正常的方式,我不得不重新定义每个操作符超载或使用上面的朋友函数。 –