“阵列是不是一个Python函数”错误keras

Question

我想建立使用keras一个简单的线性模型如下构建简单的线性模型时：

lin_model = Sequential([ 
     Lambda(x_train, input_shape=(1,28,28)), 
     Flatten(), 
     Dense(10, activation='softmax') 
    ]) 

，但我不断收到以下错误：

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
TypeError         Traceback (most recent call last) 
<ipython-input-86-664f3eb6b96f> in <module>() 
     2   Lambda(x_train, input_shape=(1,28,28)), 
     3   Flatten(), 
----> 4   Dense(10, activation='softmax') 
     5  ]) 
     6 lin_model.compile(Adam(), loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy']) 

/home/matar/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/keras/models.pyc in __init__(self, layers, name) 
    399   if layers: 
    400    for layer in layers: 
--> 401     self.add(layer) 
    402 
    403  def add(self, layer): 

/home/matar/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/keras/models.pyc in add(self, layer) 
    434     # and create the node connecting the current layer 
    435     # to the input layer we just created. 
--> 436     layer(x) 
    437 
    438    if len(layer.inbound_nodes) != 1: 

/home/matar/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/keras/engine/topology.pyc in __call__(self, inputs, **kwargs) 
    594 
    595    # Actually call the layer, collecting output(s), mask(s), and shape(s). 
--> 596    output = self.call(inputs, **kwargs) 
    597    output_mask = self.compute_mask(inputs, previous_mask) 
    598 

/home/matar/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/keras/layers/core.pyc in call(self, inputs, mask) 
    643  def call(self, inputs, mask=None): 
    644   arguments = self.arguments 
--> 645   if has_arg(self.function, 'mask'): 
    646    arguments['mask'] = mask 
    647   return self.function(inputs, **arguments) 

/home/matar/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/site-packages/keras/utils/generic_utils.pyc in has_arg(fn, name, accept_all) 
    226  """ 
    227  if sys.version_info < (3,): 
--> 228   arg_spec = inspect.getargspec(fn) 
    229   if accept_all and arg_spec.keywords is not None: 
    230    return True 

/home/matar/anaconda2/lib/python2.7/inspect.pyc in getargspec(func) 
    813   func = func.im_func 
    814  if not isfunction(func): 
--> 815   raise TypeError('{!r} is not a Python function'.format(func)) 
    816  args, varargs, varkw = getargs(func.func_code) 
    817  return ArgSpec(args, varargs, varkw, func.func_defaults) 

TypeError: array([[[[  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.00408252, ..., -0.00783084, 
        nan,   nan], 
     ..., 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.0066643 , ..., -0.00567531, 
      -0.00408252,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ..., -0.00408252, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan]]], 


     [[[  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.00408252, ..., -0.00783084, 
        nan,   nan], 
     ..., 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.0066643 , ..., -0.00567531, 
      -0.00408252,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ..., -0.00408252, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan]]], 


     [[[  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.00408252, ..., -0.00783084, 
        nan,   nan], 
     ..., 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.0066643 , ..., -0.00567531, 
      -0.00408252,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ..., -0.00408252, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan]]], 


     ..., 
     [[[  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.00408252, ..., -0.00783084, 
        nan,   nan], 
     ..., 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.0066643 , ..., -0.00567531, 
      -0.00408252,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ..., -0.00408252, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan]]], 


     [[[  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.00408252, ..., -0.00783084, 
        nan,   nan], 
     ..., 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.0066643 , ..., -0.00567531, 
      -0.00408252,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ..., -0.00408252, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan]]], 


     [[[  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.00408252, ..., -0.00783084, 
        nan,   nan], 
     ..., 
     [  nan,   nan, -0.0066643 , ..., -0.00567531, 
      -0.00408252,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ..., -0.00408252, 
        nan,   nan], 
     [  nan,   nan,   nan, ...,   nan, 
        nan,   nan]]]]) is not a Python function 

如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

正如你所指出的问题名称：

'Array is not a python function' Error when building simple linear model in keras 

x_train是一个数组，Keras Lambda需要一个功能：

在这里阅读更多：https://keras.io/layers/core/

基本上你正在过在创建模型时输入到图层。这不是它的工作原理。

# first create model 
model = Sequential() 
model.add(Dense(13, input_dim=13, kernel_initializer='normal', activation='relu')) 
model.add(Dense(1, kernel_initializer='normal')) 

# Compile model 
model.compile(loss='mean_squared_error', optimizer='adam') 


# evaluate model with standardized dataset 
estimator = KerasRegressor(build_fn=baseline_model, nb_epoch=100, batch_size=5, verbose=0) 

results = cross_val_score(estimator, x_train, y_input)