当我尝试通过解释器运行我的Python脚本时，为什么会出现“ImportError：No module named”？

Question

我对Python比较陌生，已经开发了我公司的自动化框架。

在开发过程中，我第一次遇到了需要同时运行多个测试的情况。直到现在，我总是使用Eclipse，不仅开发我的框架，而且还运行测试（当然，它一次只有一个）。 当我试图通过CMD屏幕“python”运行我的一个测试（我设法通过Eclipse运行的一个测试）时，它甚至没有开始运行，我得到的结果是“ImportError：No module named”（有关到我从开发的软件包中进口的产品）。

Eclipse如何设法与我所有的Imports相处并运行我的测试，而python解释器不能？

为了通过解释器来运行我的测试，我需要做些什么？

编辑

下面举例说明什么，我为了试图导入我的私有模块

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Test_Cases>python 
Python 3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 25 2016, 22:18:55) [MSC v.1900 
64 bit (AM D64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or 
"license" for more information. 
>>> from Utilities.Browser_Utils import Open_Browser Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: 
No module named 'Utilities' 
>>> quit() 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Test_Cases>cd.. 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation>cd Utilities 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities>python 
Python 3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 25 2016, 22:18:55) [MSC v.1900 
64 bit (AM D64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or 
"license" for more information. 
>>> from Utilities.Browser_Utils import Open_Browser Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: 
No module named 'Utilities' 
>>> quit() 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities>dir 
Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 1E0C-6554 

    Directory of C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities 

08/07/2017 03:05 PM <DIR>   . 
08/07/2017 03:05 PM <DIR>   .. 
08/10/2017 10:28 AM    455 Browser_Utils.py 
09/05/2017 05:00 PM    7,007 General_Utils.py 
07/31/2017 01:49 PM     0 __init__.py 
09/05/2017 06:07 PM <DIR>   __pycache__ 
       3 File(s)   7,462 bytes 
       3 Dir(s) 394,707,480,576 bytes free 

C:\Users\alpha_2.PL\workspace\PacketLight Automation\Utilities>python 
Python 3.5.2 (v3.5.2:4def2a2901a5, Jun 25 2016, 22:18:55) [MSC v.1900 
64 bit (AM D64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or 
"license" for more information. 
>>> from Utilities.Browser_Utils import Open_Browser 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> ImportError: 
No module named 'Utilities' 
>>> 

Answer 1

我终于设法解决了这个问题。当这里的一些答案指向PYTHONPATH时，我误解了PATH（环境变量），因此没有通过编辑sys.path来解决我的问题。

当我意识到我需要自己创建PYTHONPATH并添加自己的路径时，我设法导入了我的包。

感谢所有谁在你的命令回答没有你，我没有对这个问题的任何解决方案方向

Answer 2

所有我可以想像的是，Eclipse的会从项目目录，运行命令，使相关的进口工作。

如果我在/ home/jpic中运行python，并且存在foo.py，那么我可以import foo。但是，如果我在/ home中运行python，那么import foo将会失败。因此，请确保在调用python之前将cd放入正确的目录中。

如果我想让foo可以从任何地方导入，我将不得不把它做成一个python包，这可能不是你想要对你的项目做的事情（但是我会和我所有的项目一起，因为它很酷有进口到处工作^^）。

如果你想调试进口，运行python与-vv，你会得到进口调试输出这样：

# trying /home/jpic/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-cities-light/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/src/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/src/django-autocomplete-light/test_project/src/genericm2m/foo.pyc 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.so 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.py 
# trying /home/jpic/work/mez/src/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/foo.pyc 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.abi3.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.so 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.py 
# trying /usr/lib/python3.6/site-packages/gtk-2.0/foo.pyc 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 961, in _find_and_load 
    File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 948, in _find_and_load_unlocked 
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'foo' 

注意上面的调试输出在标准错误，而不是标准输入取得。这意味着你应该使用&>而不是>将其重定向到文件，在bash4或2>上的windows 我认为，在读their docs后。

我不知道日食，所以我无法谈论它的作用，但这个诀窍应该给你足够的反馈，从口译员破解你自己的解决方案。

另一种可能性是Eclipse使用Python3，并且您在CLI中使用Python2。在这种情况下，您需要在模块目录中添加__init__.py文件，或者确保您的CLI是python 3，请使用python --version进行检查。示例：

07/09 2017 12:03:11 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ mkdir foo 

07/09 2017 12:03:13 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ touch foo/bar.py 

07/09 2017 12:03:16 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ python3 
Python 3.6.2 (default, Jul 20 2017, 03:52:27) 
[GCC 7.1.1 20170630] on linux 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
>>> import foo.bar 
>>> 

07/09 2017 12:03:20 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ python2 
Python 2.7.13 (default, Jul 21 2017, 03:24:34) 
[GCC 7.1.1 20170630] on linux2 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
>>> import foo.bar 
Traceback (most recent call last): 
    File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> 
ImportError: No module named foo.bar 
>>> 

07/09 2017 12:03:28 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ touch foo/__init__.py 

07/09 2017 12:03:33 jpic@mez /tmp 
$ python2 
Python 2.7.13 (default, Jul 21 2017, 03:24:34) 
[GCC 7.1.1 20170630] on linux2 
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. 
>>> import foo.bar 

Answer 3

您不应该依赖IDE来使模块可导入。

当使用虚拟环境（或者，在您自己的危险中，使用sudo在系统Python中安装）时，使用pip实用程序安装正确打包的软件很容易。

，直到你学会如何做那些，注意PYTHONPATH环境变量应该是一个分号（Windows）或冒号（UNIX）分隔的目录，它们各自在翻译的启动时间将被预置到sys.path的列表。因此，您可以确保您的软件（即使不是可安装的）可供使用。