简单的pygame的动画口吃

Question

我学习蟒蛇*\(^o^)/*

我使用Pygame得出一个简单的跳动框窗口。除了一个小小的烦恼之外，一切似乎都正常运作。它不断结巴！我不知道什么可能导致口吃。我认为这可能是滞后的，所以我实施了一个固定的时间步骤来让循环赶上，但这没有效果。

#--- initialize pygame window ---# 
import pygame 
import time 
pygame.init() 
size = (1200,500) 
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size, pygame.RESIZABLE) 
fps = 60 

#--- define color palette ---# 
black = (0,0,0) 
white = (255,255,255) 

#--- define the player ---# 
class player: 
    def __init__(self,screen,surface, color): 
     self.speed = 3 
     self.direction_x = 1 
     self.direction_y = 1 
     self.screen = screen 
     self.surface = surface 
     self.rect = self.surface.get_rect() 
     self.color = color 
    def set_pos(self, x,y): 
     self.rect.x = x 
     self.rect.y = y 
    def advance_pos(self): 
     screen_width, screen_height = screen.get_size() 
     if self.rect.x + self.rect.width > screen_width or player1.rect.x < 0: 
      player1.direction_x *= -1 
      player1.speed = 3 
     elif player1.rect.y + player1.rect.height > screen_height or player1.rect.y < 0: 
      player1.direction_y *= -1 
      player1.speed = 3 
     else: 
      player1.speed -= 0.001 
     self.rect.x += self.speed * self.direction_x 
     self.rect.y += self.speed * self.direction_y 
    def draw(self): 
     pygame.draw.rect(self.surface, self.color, [0,0,self.rect.width,self.rect.height]) 
    def blit(self): 
     screen.blit(self.surface, self.rect) 
player1 = player(screen, pygame.Surface((50,50)), white) 
player1.set_pos(50,50) 
player1.draw() 

#--- define game variables ---# 
previous = time.time() * 1000 
lag = 0.0 
background = black 
done = False 

#--- game ---# 
while not done: 

    #--- update time step ---# 
    current = time.time() * 1000 
    elapsed = current - previous 
    lag += elapsed 
    previous = current 

    #--- process events ---# 
    for event in pygame.event.get(): 
     if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
      done = True 
      break 
     if event.type == pygame.VIDEORESIZE: 
      screen = pygame.display.set_mode((event.w, event.h), pygame.RESIZABLE) 

    #--- update logic ---# 

    while True: 
     player1.advance_pos() 
     lag -= fps 
     if lag <= fps: 
      break 

    #--- draw to screen ---# 
    screen.fill(background) 
    player1.blit() 
    pygame.display.update() 
    pygame.time.Clock().tick(fps) 

Answer 1

这是您的代码的重写，它使用opengl代替渲染。主要变化如下：

1. 我使用了opengl即时模式，这是过时的，不推荐使用，但起初很容易理解。大部分gl调用都在player.draw（）方法或主循环中。

2. 我修好了定时器的工作方式。我不是只做clock.tick（fps），而是手动记录对帧进行所有处理所需的时间，并添加适当的毫秒延迟以达到60 fps。在迁移到opengl之前，您可以使用现有的pygame代码尝试修改，因为这可能足以删除大部分的结构。

   import pygame 
   import time 
   from OpenGL.GL import * 
   
   class Player: 
       def __init__(self, screen, width, height, color): 
        self.x = 0 
        self.y = 0 
        self.speed = 3 
        self.direction_x = 1 
        self.direction_y = 1 
        self.screen = screen 
        self.width = width 
        self.height = height 
        self.color = color 
   
       def set_pos(self, x, y): 
        self.x = x 
        self.y = y 
   
       def advance_pos(self): 
        screen_width, screen_height = screen.get_size() 
        if self.x + self.width > screen_width or self.x < 0: 
         self.direction_x *= -1 
         self.speed = 3 
        elif self.y + self.height > screen_height or self.y < 0: 
         self.direction_y *= -1 
         self.speed = 3 
        else: 
         self.speed -= 0.001 
        self.x += self.speed * self.direction_x 
        self.y += self.speed * self.direction_y 
   
       def draw(self): 
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW) 
        glLoadIdentity() 
        glTranslate(self.x, self.y, 0) 
        glBegin(GL_QUADS) 
        glColor(*self.color) 
        glVertex(0, 0, 0) 
        glVertex(self.width, 0, 0) 
        glVertex(self.width, self.height, 0) 
        glVertex(0, self.height, 0) 
        glEnd() 
   
   if __name__ == "__main__": 
       pygame.init() 
       size = width, height = (550, 400) 
       screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size, pygame.RESIZABLE | pygame.DOUBLEBUF | pygame.OPENGL) 
       fps = 60 
       black = (0,0,0,255) 
       white = (255,255,255,255) 
   
       player1 = Player(screen, 50, 50, white) 
       player1.set_pos(50,50) 
   
       done = False 
       previous = time.time() * 1000 
       glClearColor(*black) 
       glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) 
       glLoadIdentity() 
       glOrtho(0, width, height, 0, -1, 1) 
       clock = pygame.time.Clock() 
   
       while not done: 
        current = time.time() * 1000 
        elapsed = current - previous 
        previous = current 
        delay = 1000.0/fps - elapsed 
        delay = max(int(delay), 0) 
   
        for event in pygame.event.get(): 
         if event.type == pygame.QUIT: 
          done = True 
          break 
         if event.type == pygame.VIDEORESIZE: 
          size = width, height = event.w, event.h 
          screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size, pygame.RESIZABLE | pygame.DOUBLEBUF | pygame.OPENGL) 
          glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION) 
          glLoadIdentity() 
          glOrtho(0, width, height, 0, -1, 1) 
          glViewport(0, 0, width, height) 
   
          #reset player movement and position to avoid glitches where player is trapped outside new window borders 
          player1.set_pos(50, 50) 
          player1.direction_x = 1 
          player1.direction_y = 1 
   
        player1.advance_pos() 
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT) 
        glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) 
        player1.draw() 
        pygame.display.flip() 
        pygame.time.delay(delay)