如何为Haskell语言的程序制作Makefile？

Question

我是Haskell语言中的新成员，我想为现在正在处理的haskell程序创建一个makefile。但我不知道该怎么做。

谢谢:)

Answer 1

几乎没有哈斯克尔项目使用一个Makefile，因为这是笨重，难以阅读，而且容易出错。

对于简单的一次性项目，你真的不需要任何专门的编译系统在所有：GHC本身可以计算出模块之间的依赖关系：

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ cat >> Hello.hs 
module Main where 

import Greeting 

main = putStrLn greeting 

---

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ cat >> Greeting.hs 
module Greeting where 

greeting = "Hello, World!" 

---

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ ghc Hello.hs 
[1 of 2] Compiling Greeting   (Greeting.hs, Greeting.o) 
[2 of 2] Compiling Main    (Hello.hs, Hello.o) 
Linking Hello ... 

---

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ ./Hello 
Hello, World! 

...或者干脆

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ runhaskell Hello.hs 
Hello, World! 

对于更复杂的项目，绝对是图书馆，你要使用Cabal。即您需要一个.cabal文件，例如对于上述“项目” hello.cabal。可以通过cabal工具半自动生成这样的文件：

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ mkdir hello 
sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ mv Hello.hs hello 
sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ mv Greeting.hs hello 
sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp$ cd hello/ 
sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp/hello$ cabal init 
Package name? hello 
This package name is already used by another package on hackage. Do you want to choose a different name? [default: y] n 
Package version? [default: 0.1.0.0] 
Please choose a license: 
    1) GPL-2 
    2) GPL-3 
    3) LGPL-2.1 
    4) LGPL-3 
    5) AGPL-3 
    6) BSD2 
* 7) BSD3 
    8) MIT 
    9) ISC 
    10) MPL-2.0 
    11) Apache-2.0 
    12) PublicDomain 
    13) AllRightsReserved 
    14) Other (specify) 
Your choice? [default: BSD3] 12 
Author name? [default: Justus Sagemüller] 
Maintainer email? [default: sagemueller@geo.uni-koeln.de] 
Project homepage URL? 
Project synopsis? hello 
Project category: 
* 1) (none) 
    2) Codec 
    3) Concurrency 
    4) Control 
    5) Data 
    6) Database 
    7) Development 
    8) Distribution 
    9) Game 
    10) Graphics 
    11) Language 
    12) Math 
    13) Network 
    14) Sound 
    15) System 
    16) Testing 
    17) Text 
    18) Web 
    19) Other (specify) 
Your choice? [default: (none)] 17 
What does the package build: 
    1) Library 
    2) Executable 
Your choice? 2 
What is the main module of the executable: 
* 1) Main.hs (does not yet exist, but will be created) 
    2) Main.lhs (does not yet exist, but will be created) 
    3) Other (specify) 
Your choice? [default: Main.hs (does not yet exist, but will be created)] 3 
Please specify? Hello.hs 
Source directory: 
* 1) (none) 
    2) src 
    3) Other (specify) 
Your choice? [default: (none)] 
What base language is the package written in: 
* 1) Haskell2010 
    2) Haskell98 
    3) Other (specify) 
Your choice? [default: Haskell2010] 
Add informative comments to each field in the cabal file (y/n)? [default: n] 

Guessing dependencies... 
Generating Setup.hs... 
Generating ChangeLog.md... 
Generating hello.cabal... 

You may want to edit the .cabal file and add a Description field. 

此时该文件将包含：

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp/hello$ cat hello.cabal 
-- Initial hello.cabal generated by cabal init. For further documentation, 
-- see http://haskell.org/cabal/users-guide/ 

name:    hello 
version:    0.1.0.0 
synopsis:   hello 
-- description:   
license:    PublicDomain 
author:    Justus Sagemüller 
maintainer:   sagemueller@geo.uni-koeln.de 
category:   Text 
build-type:   Simple 
extra-source-files: ChangeLog.md 
cabal-version:  >=1.10 

executable hello 
    main-is:    Hello.hs 
    -- other-modules:  
    -- other-extensions:  
    build-depends:  base >=4.10 && <4.11 
    -- hs-source-dirs:  
    default-language: Haskell2010 

这不是很完整，你仍然需要添加Greeting.hs到项目：（没有文件扩展名）

... 
executable hello 
    main-is:    Hello.hs 
    other-modules:  Greeting 
    -- other-extensions: 
... 

但仅此而已，你现在可以做

sagemuej@sagemuej-X302LA:/tmp/hello$ cabal build 
Resolving dependencies... 
Configuring hello-0.1.0.0... 
Preprocessing executable 'hello' for hello-0.1.0.0.. 
Building executable 'hello' for hello-0.1.0.0.. 
[1 of 2] Compiling Greeting   (Greeting.hs, dist/build/hello/hello-tmp/Greeting.o) 
[2 of 2] Compiling Main    (Hello.hs, dist/build/hello/hello-tmp/Main.o) 
Linking dist/build/hello/hello ... 

或者，只需运行脚本，cabal run或cabal install以使其始终可用于您的系统。