2015-08-14 87 views
0

我开始学习本周的代码,所以我正在玩弄我创建的小程序,试图更好地理解它的工作原理。Python:while(True!= True)loop

我做的一个程序是一个Pig拉丁翻译器,循环直到用户退出。该程序的作品,但逻辑没有任何意义给我。

pyg = "ay" #Pig Latin words end with ay. 

def translate(): #Creating a function. 
    original = input("Enter a word: ").lower() #Ask for input then convert to lower. 
    if len(original) > 0 and original.isalpha() : #isalpha() verifies only abc's and more than one letter. 
     first = original[0] #Assigns the first letter of the string to first. 
     latin = original[1:] + first + pyg #Adds original starting at 2nd letter with first and pyg. 
     print(latin) 
    else: 
     print("You did not enter a valid word, please try again.") 
     translate() #If you did not enter valid word, then call function again until you do. 

translate() #Don't forget to actually call the function after you define it. 

#Set run to False. 
#Can be set to True if while (run != True) is set to while (run == True). 
run = False 

#Defining cont(). Ask for imput and error handling. 
def cont(): 
    loop = input("Would you like to convert another word? (y/n): ").lower() 
    if loop == "y" : 
     run = True 
    elif loop == "n" : 
     run = False 
     print("Thank you for using this program, have a nice day!") 
     exit() 
    else : 
     print("You did not enter a valid response, please try again.") 
     cont() 

cont() 

#Infinite loop as long as run is not equal to True. 
while (run != True) : 
    translate() 
    cont() 

我的问题是,为什么这个程序工作?我将运行设置为False,并将循环设置为只要运行!= True即可运行。那里没问题,但是当我定义cont()时,如果用户输入“y”,我将运行设置为True。 True!= True应该是False(如果我理解正确)并且循环应该结束,但是它会按照我的意愿工作。

这是我犯的一个编码错误还是我只是想着这个错误的方式?先谢谢你。

编辑:非常感谢大家回答。我还没有了解当地和全球的变数。

回答

1

为了扩大在别人已经说过,在这些线路上run

if loop == "y" : 
    run = True 
elif loop == "n" : 
    run = False 

并不是指通过

#Can be set to True if while (run != True) is set to while (run == True). 
run = False 

runcont函数的定义相同run是一个局部变量你的函数,而不是全局定义的run

有一些(至少)方法来解决这个问题。首选(imo)的方式是让cont返回一个新的值,分配给run。这看起来就像

#Defining cont(). Ask for imput and error handling. 
def cont(_run): 
    loop = input("Would you like to convert another word? (y/n): ").lower() 
    if loop == "y" : 
     return _run 
    elif loop == "n" : 
     return not _run 
    else : 
     print("You did not enter a valid response, please try again.") 
     return cont(_run) 

... 

#Infinite loop as long as run is not equal to True. 
while (run != True) : 
    translate() 
    run = cont(run) 

其他(不太优选)的方法是使用你的cont函数内全球run变量。这是使用global关键字实现的。

这将是这样的:

#Defining cont(). Ask for imput and error handling. 
def cont(): 
    global run 
    loop = input("Would you like to convert another word? (y/n): ").lower() 
    if loop == "y" : 
     run = True 
    elif loop == "n" : 
     run = False 
     print("Thank you for using this program, have a nice day!") 
     exit() 
    else : 
     print("You did not enter a valid response, please try again.") 
     cont() 

**夫妇旁注
在我的第一个例子中,我回到_run当值ynot _run当值n。这使您可以将初始值run的值更改为True,并更改while的条件,而无需更改cont函数本身。

如果您使用全局,并且用户输入n(因为您在函数返回之前退出),您根本不需要实际更改run的值。

,因为很多人不读完整说明:)

0

我想这可能是因为你的运行变量的范围;因为你没有从你的cont函数返回运行。我相信你的!= True检查看到的总是在该函数之外是False,但显然你可以在函数内成功结束程序。

1

run里面的cont函数是一个局部变量。改变它的值对while循环引用的全局变量没有影响。

0

的问题,您可能会更好改变你if条件检查

if loop in ("yes", "y"): 
if loop in ("no", "n"): 

的是,在cont()定义的run变量不与全局范围中定义的变量run相同。 (如果你不确定你的意思,你可能想看看https://docs.python.org/3.4/tutorial/classes.html#python-scopes-and-namespaces。也许对你的代码更好的方法是让cont()返回TrueFalse。当你使用True时它也更直观和更易读想继续下面是我将如何重写它

pyg = "ay" #Pig Latin words end with ay. 

def translate(): #Creating a function. 
    original = input("Enter a word: ").lower() #Ask for input then convert to lower. 
    if len(original) > 0 and original.isalpha() : #isalpha() verifies only abc's and more than one letter. 
     first = original[0] #Assigns the first letter of the string to first. 
     latin = original[1:] + first + pyg #Adds original starting at 2nd letter with first and pyg. 
     print(latin) 
    else: 
     print("You did not enter a valid word, please try again.") 
     translate() #If you did not enter valid word, then call function again until you do. 

#Defining cont(). Ask for imput and error handling. 
def cont(): 
    while True: 
     loop = input("Would you like to convert another word? (y/n): ").lower() 
     if loop == "y": 
      return True 
     elif loop == "n": 
      print("Thank you for using this program, have a nice day!") 
      return False 
     else : 
      print("You did not enter a valid response, please try again.") 

translate() 
while cont(): 
    translate() 
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