Spring Data中的JDBC CommunicationsException JPA

Question

我有一个使用Data JPA/Hibernate/JDBC和MySQL的Spring Boot应用程序，默认超时时间为8小时。当所剩不多一夜之间，它具有以下异常崩溃：

javax.persistence.PersistenceException: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: could not prepare statement 
at org.hibernate.jpa.spi.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.convert(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1763) 
at org.hibernate.jpa.spi.AbstractEntityManagerImpl.convert(AbstractEntityManagerImpl.java:1677) 
at org.hibernate.jpa.internal.QueryImpl.getResultList(QueryImpl.java:458) 
at repository.NativeQuery.findMostRecentRegistrations(NativeQuery.java:110) 
at admin.AdminController.adminDashboard(AdminController.java:126) 
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) 
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:222) 
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:137) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:110) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:814) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:737) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:959) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:893) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:969) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:860) 
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622) 
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:845) 
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:291) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration$ApplicationContextHeaderFilter.doFilterInternal(EndpointWebMvcAutoConfiguration.java:237) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.boot.actuate.trace.WebRequestTraceFilter.doFilterInternal(WebRequestTraceFilter.java:111) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:316) 
at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:126) 
at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:90) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:114) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:122) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:111) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.rememberme.RememberMeAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(RememberMeAuthenticationFilter.java:157) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:169) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:48) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:205) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:120) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter.doFilterInternal(CsrfFilter.java:96) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal(HeaderWriterFilter.java:64) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:91) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:53) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:213) 
at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:176) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:346) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:262) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:87) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:121) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.boot.actuate.autoconfigure.MetricsFilter.doFilterInternal(MetricsFilter.java:103) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.springframework.boot.context.web.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:120) 
at org.springframework.boot.context.web.ErrorPageFilter.access$000(ErrorPageFilter.java:61) 
at org.springframework.boot.context.web.ErrorPageFilter$1.doFilterInternal(ErrorPageFilter.java:95) 
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107) 
at org.springframework.boot.context.web.ErrorPageFilter.doFilter(ErrorPageFilter.java:113) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:239) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:217) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:106) 
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:614) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:142) 
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79) 
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:616) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:88) 
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:518) 
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1091) 
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:673) 
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1500) 
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(NioEndpoint.java:1456) 
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) 
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) 
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) 
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) 
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: could not prepare statement 
at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.convert(SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.java:65) 
at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:49) 
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:126) 
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$StatementPreparationTemplate.prepareStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:196) 
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl.prepareQueryStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:160) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.prepareQueryStatement(Loader.java:1885) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.executeQueryStatement(Loader.java:1862) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.executeQueryStatement(Loader.java:1839) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQuery(Loader.java:910) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doQueryAndInitializeNonLazyCollections(Loader.java:355) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2554) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.doList(Loader.java:2540) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.listIgnoreQueryCache(Loader.java:2370) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.list(Loader.java:2365) 
at org.hibernate.loader.custom.CustomLoader.list(CustomLoader.java:353) 
at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.listCustomQuery(SessionImpl.java:1909) 
at org.hibernate.internal.AbstractSessionImpl.list(AbstractSessionImpl.java:311) 
at org.hibernate.internal.SQLQueryImpl.list(SQLQueryImpl.java:141) 
at org.hibernate.jpa.internal.QueryImpl.list(QueryImpl.java:573) 
at org.hibernate.jpa.internal.QueryImpl.getResultList(QueryImpl.java:449) 
... 112 more 
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: No operations allowed after connection closed. 
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) 
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) 
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) 
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:404) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.getInstance(Util.java:387) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:917) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:896) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:885) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:860) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.throwConnectionClosedException(ConnectionImpl.java:1235) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.checkClosed(ConnectionImpl.java:1230) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.prepareStatement(ConnectionImpl.java:4132) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.prepareStatement(ConnectionImpl.java:4101) 
at sun.reflect.GeneratedMethodAccessor146.invoke(Unknown Source) 
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:497) 
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.ProxyConnection.invoke(ProxyConnection.java:126) 
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.JdbcInterceptor.invoke(JdbcInterceptor.java:108) 
at org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DisposableConnectionFacade.invoke(DisposableConnectionFacade.java:81) 
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy78.prepareStatement(Unknown Source) 
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$5.doPrepare(StatementPreparerImpl.java:162) 
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.StatementPreparerImpl$StatementPreparationTemplate.prepareStatement(StatementPreparerImpl.java:186) 
... 128 more 
Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.CommunicationsException: The last packet successfully received from the server was 39,274,020 milliseconds ago. The last packet sent successfully to the server was 39,274,020 milliseconds ago. is longer than the server configured value of 'wait_timeout'. You should consider either expiring and/or testing connection validity before use in your application, increasing the server configured values for client timeouts, or using the Connector/J connection property 'autoReconnect=true' to avoid this problem. 
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) 
at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) 
at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) 
at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:422) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.Util.handleNewInstance(Util.java:404) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createCommunicationsException(SQLError.java:981) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.send(MysqlIO.java:3652) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:2460) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2625) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2551) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeInternal(PreparedStatement.java:1861) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.PreparedStatement.executeQuery(PreparedStatement.java:1962) 
at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.extract(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:82) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.getResultSet(Loader.java:2066) 
at org.hibernate.loader.Loader.executeQueryStatement(Loader.java:1863) 
... 125 more 
Caused by: java.net.SocketException: Broken pipe 
at java.net.SocketOutputStream.socketWrite0(Native Method) 
at java.net.SocketOutputStream.socketWrite(SocketOutputStream.java:109) 
at java.net.SocketOutputStream.write(SocketOutputStream.java:153) 
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:82) 
at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flush(BufferedOutputStream.java:140) 
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.send(MysqlIO.java:3634) 
... 133 more 

在从Spring Boot JPA - configuring auto reconnect建议和其他职位，我在application.properties下面的设置应该保持连接：

spring.datasource.url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/<database-name> 
spring.datasource.username=<username> 
spring.datasource.password=<password> 
spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver 
# 
spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true 
spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=3600000 
spring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1 
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=true 
# 
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect 

唯一我的线索是，崩溃发生在本地查询上（请参阅上面的堆栈跟踪中的第4行），而其他数据库访问在应用程序运行一夜之后似乎仍然没有问题。 （查询本身工作得很好，因此我不会在这里简单地发布它。）这倾向于表明，在运行本机查询之后，与执行该数据库的数据库的连接将保留，但不会保持活动状态。有没有一个设置来保持连接？

---

更新：

我添加下面的方法来我NativeQuery类（所有原生查询方法驻留）：

@Component 
public class NativeQuery { 
    ... 
    private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_MILLIS = 60 * 60 * 1000; 

    @Scheduled(initialDelay = KEEP_ALIVE_MILLIS, fixedRate = KEEP_ALIVE_MILLIS) 
    private void connectionKeepAlive() { 
     boolean success = true; 
     String msg = "Database connection keep-alive "; 
     try { 
      Query query = entityManager.createNativeQuery("SELECT 1"); 
      BigInteger result = (BigInteger)query.getSingleResult(); 
      if (result != null && result.equals(BigInteger.ONE)) { 
       msg += "succeeded"; 
      } 
      else { 
       msg += "failed with result " + (result != null ? result.toString() : "N/A"); 
       success = false; 
      } 
     } 
     catch (Exception e) { 
      msg += "crashed with exception: " + e.toString(); 
      success = false; 
     } 

     if (success) { 
      if (log.isInfoEnabled()) 
       log.info(msg); 
     } 
     else { 
      if (log.isErrorEnabled()) 
       log.error(msg); 
     } 
    } 
    ... 
} 

此代码每小时一次执行保持活动查询。我让它在一夜之间运行，当我重新登录并执行本机查询时，上述异常不再报告。所以，这个修复似乎工作。

但是，这也意味着所有原生查询共享相同的连接。根据Spring Boot的一般实例化规则，如果需要同时执行多个查询并且只有一个类的实例，会发生什么？

A方评论：请注意query.getSingleResult()如何返回BigInteger。从技术上讲，SELECT 1返回MySQL BIGINT，这是一个64位整数，所以Java long就足够了。在Hibernate里面，有人简单地将BIGINT转换为BigInteger，即使数据库方言明确设置为MySQL5。

Answer 1

您正在使用tomcat连接池。你也许可以尝试使用一个更强大的连接池，像HikariCP

Answer 2

我建议你这个配置添加到您的application.properties加复试：

spring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1 
 
spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=true