任何迭代器都不难写。如果您关心性能,通常是一个糟糕的主意,因为每个操作都需要非零开销来执行类型擦除。
假设您只需要支持for(:)
循环和“输入”迭代。
namespace any_iteration_support {
template<class VTable, class...Ts>
VTable create() {
VTable retval;
VTable::template populate<Ts...>(retval);
return retval;
}
template<class VTable, class...Ts>
VTable const* get_vtable() {
static VTable vtable = create<VTable, Ts...>();
return &vtable;
}
struct input_iterator_vtable {
void(*next)(void*) = 0;
void(*dtor)(void*) = 0;
void(*copy)(void* dest, void const* src) = 0;
void*(*clone)(void const* src) = 0;
bool(*equals)(void const* lhs, void const* rhs) = 0;
template<class It>
static void populate(input_iterator_vtable& vtable) {
vtable.next = [](void* ptr){
auto& it = *static_cast<It*>(ptr);
++it;
};
vtable.dtor= [](void* ptr){
auto* pit = static_cast<It*>(ptr);
delete pit;
};
vtable.copy= [](void* dest, void const* src){
auto& destit = *static_cast<It*>(dest);
auto const& srcit = *static_cast<It const*>(src);
destit = srcit;
};
vtable.clone= [](void const* src)->void*{
auto const& srcit = *static_cast<It const*>(src);
return new It(srcit);
};
vtable.equals= [](void const* lhs, void const* rhs)->bool{
auto const& lhsit = *static_cast<It const*>(lhs);
auto const& rhsit = *static_cast<It const*>(rhs);
return lhsit == rhsit;
};
}
};
template<class T>
struct any_input_iterator_vtable:input_iterator_vtable {
T(*get)(void*) = 0;
template<class It>
static void populate(any_input_iterator_vtable& vtable) {
input_iterator_vtable::populate<It>(vtable);
vtable.get = [](void* ptr)->T{
auto& it = *static_cast<It*>(ptr);
return *it;
};
}
};
}
template<class T>
struct any_input_iterator {
any_iteration_support::any_input_iterator_vtable<T> const* vtable = 0;
void* state = 0;
template<class It,
std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<It, any_input_iterator>::value, int> =0
>
any_input_iterator(It it):
vtable(any_iteration_support::get_vtable<any_iteration_support::any_input_iterator_vtable<T>, It>()),
state(new It(std::move(it)))
{}
any_input_iterator(any_input_iterator&& o):
vtable(o.vtable),
state(o.state)
{
o.vtable = 0; o.state = 0;
}
any_input_iterator& operator=(any_input_iterator&& o) {
using std::swap;
swap(vtable, o.vtable);
swap(state, o.state);
return *this;
}
any_input_iterator(any_input_iterator const& o) {
if (!o.vtable) return;
state = o.vtable->clone(o.state);
vtable = o.vtable;
}
any_input_iterator& operator=(any_input_iterator const& o) {
if (!vtable && !o.vtable) return *this;
if (vtable == o.vtable) {
vtable->copy(state, o.state);
return *this;
}
clear();
if (!o.vtable) {
return *this;
}
state = o.vtable->clone(o.state);
vtable = o.vtable;
return *this;
}
explicit operator bool()const { return vtable; }
friend bool operator==(any_input_iterator const& lhs, any_input_iterator const& rhs) {
if (!lhs && !rhs) return true;
if (!lhs) return false;
if (lhs.vtable != rhs.vtable) return false;
return lhs.vtable->equals(lhs.state, rhs.state);
}
friend bool operator!=(any_input_iterator const& lhs, any_input_iterator const& rhs) {
return !(lhs==rhs);
}
T operator*() const {
return vtable->get(state);
}
any_input_iterator& operator++() {
vtable->next(state);
return *this;
}
any_input_iterator operator++(int) {
auto retval = *this;
++*this;
return retval;
}
~any_input_iterator() { clear(); }
void clear() {
if (!vtable) return;
auto dtor = vtable->dtor;
auto s = state;
state = 0;
vtable = 0;
dtor(s);
}
using reference = T;
using value_type = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
using iterator_category = std::input_iterator_tag;
};
这是你如何键入删除输入迭代的概念在类型T
速写。很像std::function
,这可以存储几乎任何满足输入迭代要求的东西。
boost提供了类似的类型。
Live example。
您通常最好写一个函数,每次调用一次访问多个节点的函数,或者甚至访问一个节点的函数,以减少类型擦除开销。迭代器很快,因为它们可以内联;随着每一种方法的虚空指针,他们可能会很烦人地慢。
class LibraryClass {
public:
virtual any_input_iterator<const int> intsBegin() const = 0;
virtual any_input_iterator<const int> intsEnd() const = 0;
};
当然,手动进行这种类型的擦除是乏味和容易出错的。我会使用类型擦除类型删除与一个薄fascade而不是上述。
的有效方式做到这一点是有一个跨度游客
template<class T>
struct span {
T* b = 0; T* e = 0;
T* begin() const { return b; }
T* end() const { return e; }
bool empty() const { return begin()==end(); }
std::size_t size() const { return end()-begin(); }
span()=default;
span(span const&)=default;
span& operator=(span const&)=default;
span(T* s, T* f):b(s),e(f) {};
span(T* s, std::size_t length):span(s, s+length) {}
};
template<class T>
using span_visitor = std::function<void(span<T>)>;
class LibraryClass {
public:
virtual void visitInts(span_visitor<int const> f) const = 0;
};
class VecImpl : public LibraryClass {
public:
virtual void visitInts(span_visitor<int const> f) const override {
f({m_vec.data(), m_vec.size()});
};
private:
std::vector<int> m_vec;
};
class SimpleListImpl : public LibraryClass {
public:
virtual void visitInts(span_visitor<int const> f) const override {
for (int i : m_list)
f({&i, 1});
};
private:
std::list<int> m_list;
};
class FancyListImpl : public LibraryClass {
public:
virtual void visitInts(span_visitor<int const> f) const override {
std::size_t count = 0;
std::array<int, 10> buffer;
for (int i : m_list) {
buffer[count] = i;
++count;
if (count == buffer.size()) {
f({ buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
count = 0;
}
}
if (count) f({ buffer.data(), count});
};
private:
std::list<int> m_list;
};
你如何使用它?
std::vector<int> get_ints_from(LibraryClass const& library) {
std::vector<int> vec;
library.visitInits([&](span<int const> ints){
vec.append(ints.begin(), ints.end());
});
return vec;
}
此接口将类型擦除移动到每个元素多次为每个多元素一次。
使用这种方法,您可以获得性能接近直接暴露容器的性能,但实际上并未公开它。
我还没有编译span版本。
性能是否重要?如果确实如此,则在每个元素的基础上输入擦除迭代是一个坏主意。 – Yakk
'boost :: any_iterator' – Angew