我有一个数据库充满了客户数据。它太大了,操作起来真的很麻烦,我宁愿把它减少到10%的客户,这对发展来说是很大的。我有很多表,我不想用“ON DELETE CASCADE”来改变它们,特别是因为这是一次性交易。在SQL Server 2005中,我可以在没有设置表格属性的情况下进行级联删除吗?
我可以做一个删除操作,级联所有我的表而不先设置它们吗?如果不是,我最好的选择是什么?
我有一个数据库充满了客户数据。它太大了,操作起来真的很麻烦,我宁愿把它减少到10%的客户,这对发展来说是很大的。我有很多表,我不想用“ON DELETE CASCADE”来改变它们,特别是因为这是一次性交易。在SQL Server 2005中,我可以在没有设置表格属性的情况下进行级联删除吗?
我可以做一个删除操作,级联所有我的表而不先设置它们吗?如果不是,我最好的选择是什么?
结合您的建议和脚本我在网上找到,我做了会产生SQL可以运行执行级联删除不管ON DELETE CASCADE
的过程。这可能是浪费时间,但我写了很好。这样做的好处在于,您可以在每行之间放置一条GO
声明,并且它不一定是一个大事务。原来是一个递归过程;这一个将递归展开到一个堆栈表中。
create procedure usp_delete_cascade (
@base_table_name varchar(200), @base_criteria nvarchar(1000)
)
as begin
-- Adapted from http://www.sqlteam.com/article/performing-a-cascade-delete-in-sql-server-7
-- Expects the name of a table, and a conditional for selecting rows
-- within that table that you want deleted.
-- Produces SQL that, when run, deletes all table rows referencing the ones
-- you initially selected, cascading into any number of tables,
-- without the need for "ON DELETE CASCADE".
-- Does not appear to work with self-referencing tables, but it will
-- delete everything beneath them.
-- To make it easy on the server, put a "GO" statement between each line.
declare @to_delete table (
id int identity(1, 1) primary key not null,
criteria nvarchar(1000) not null,
table_name varchar(200) not null,
processed bit not null,
delete_sql varchar(1000)
)
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_name, processed) values (@base_criteria, @base_table_name, 0)
declare @id int, @criteria nvarchar(1000), @table_name varchar(200)
while exists(select 1 from @to_delete where processed = 0) begin
select top 1 @id = id, @criteria = criteria, @table_name = table_name from @to_delete where processed = 0 order by id desc
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_name, processed)
select referencing_column.name + ' in (select [' + referenced_column.name + '] from [' + @table_name +'] where ' + @criteria + ')',
referencing_table.name,
0
from sys.foreign_key_columns fk
inner join sys.columns referencing_column on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_column.object_id
and fk.parent_column_id = referencing_column.column_id
inner join sys.columns referenced_column on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_column.object_id
and fk.referenced_column_id = referenced_column.column_id
inner join sys.objects referencing_table on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects referenced_table on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects constraint_object on fk.constraint_object_id = constraint_object.object_id
where referenced_table.name = @table_name
and referencing_table.name != referenced_table.name
update @to_delete set
processed = 1
where id = @id
end
select 'print ''deleting from ' + table_name + '...''; delete from [' + table_name + '] where ' + criteria from @to_delete order by id desc
end
exec usp_delete_cascade 'root_table_name', 'id = 123'
我通常只是手写查询来删除我不想要的记录,并将其保存为.sql文件以供将来参考。伪代码:从主表,我想删除到一个临时表
我的建议是继续编写一个脚本,该脚本会将删除层叠添加到数据库中的每个关系,同时导出修改关系的列表。然后,您可以反转该过程并删除列表中每个表上的on delete cascade命令。
就个人而言,如果你要离开生产记录,我也会留下他们的发展。否则,你可能会编写在记录集很小时工作正常但在遇到真实记录集时超时的代码。
但是,如果您决定这样做,我会首先将要从主表中删除的记录的id字段复制到工作表中。然后,我将把每个相关表格写入一个删除连接到该工作表,以仅删除这些记录。用父表完成。确保将这些内容写入脚本并在下次希望与测试数据做类似的事情时进行保存,您可以轻松运行它,而无需弄清楚需要从中删除记录的重复表是什么。
进入SQL Server Management Studio并右键单击该数据库。选择任务 - >生成脚本。点击下一步两次。在“选项”窗口中,选择将其设置为仅生成CREATE语句,并将所有内容都设置为除外部键之外的False。点击下一步。选择表格并再次单击下一步。单击“全选”按钮,然后单击下一步然后单击完成并将脚本发送到您选择的查询窗口或文件(不要使用剪贴板,因为它可能是一个大脚本)。 现在删除所有添加表的脚本,并且应该留下脚本来创建您的外键。
制作该脚本的副本,因为这是您将数据库还原到当前状态的方式。使用搜索和替换将ON DELETE CASCADE添加到每个约束的末尾。这可能会有所不同,这取决于您的FK目前如何设置,您可能需要进行一些手动编辑。
重复脚本生成,但是这次只设置它只生成DROP语句。 一定要手动删除生成的表滴。运行下拉菜单,然后运行已编辑的创建,使它们全部级联删除。执行删除操作,再次运行drop脚本,然后运行在开始时保存的脚本。
另外 - 做你的数据库第一的备份!即使它只是一个开发数据库,如果脚本的一部分不完全正确,它也会为您节省一些头痛。
希望这会有所帮助!顺便提一下,你应该使用完整的测试数据做一些测试,但是我可以看到为什么你可能不需要这些测试来进行初始开发。只要不要忘记将其作为质量保证的一部分。
除非您想维护Chris提出的所有相关查询,否则ON DELETE CASCADE是迄今最快和最直接的解决方案。如果你不希望它是永久性的,你为什么不有一些T-SQL代码,将打开和关闭喜欢这里
删除原始Tbl_A_MyFK
约束(不ON DELETE该选项CASCADE)
ALTER TABLE Tbl_A DROP CONSTRAINT Tbl_A_MyFK
设置约束Tbl_A_MyFK
与ON DELETE CASCADE
ALTER TABLE Tbl_A ADD CONSTRAINT Tbl_A_MyFK FOREIGN KEY (MyFK) REFERENCES Tbl_B(Column) ON DELETE CASCADE
在这里你可以做你删除
DELETE FROM Tbl_A WHERE ...
放下你的约束Tbl_A_MyFK
ALTER TABLE Tbl_A DROP CONSTRAINT Tbl_A_MyFK
设置约束Tbl_A_MyFK
没有ON DELETE CASCADE
ALTER TABLE Tbl_A ADD CONSTRAINT Tbl_A_MyFK FOREIGN KEY (MyFK) REFERENCES (Tbl_B)
后,选择你必须建立并执行实际删除
declare @deleteSql nvarchar(1200)
declare delete_cursor cursor for
select table_name, criteria
from @to_delete
order by id desc
open delete_cursor
fetch next from delete_cursor
into @table_name, @criteria
while @@fetch_status = 0
begin
select @deleteSql = 'delete from ' + @table_name + ' where ' + @criteria
--print @deleteSql
-- exec sp_execute @deleteSql
EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @deleteSql
fetch next from delete_cursor
into @table_name, @criteria
end
close delete_cursor
deallocate delete_cursor
以接受的答案远一点,我有必要在不同的模式来做到这一点跨表。我已更新脚本以在输出的删除脚本中包含模式。
CREATE PROCEDURE usp_delete_cascade (
@base_table_schema varchar(100), @base_table_name varchar(200), @base_criteria nvarchar(1000)
)
as begin
-- Expects the name of a table, and a conditional for selecting rows
-- within that table that you want deleted.
-- Produces SQL that, when run, deletes all table rows referencing the ones
-- you initially selected, cascading into any number of tables,
-- without the need for "ON DELETE CASCADE".
-- Does not appear to work with self-referencing tables, but it will
-- delete everything beneath them.
-- To make it easy on the server, put a "GO" statement between each line.
declare @to_delete table (
id int identity(1, 1) primary key not null,
criteria nvarchar(1000) not null,
table_schema varchar(100),
table_name varchar(200) not null,
processed bit not null,
delete_sql varchar(1000)
)
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_schema, table_name, processed) values (@base_criteria, @base_table_schema, @base_table_name, 0)
declare @id int, @criteria nvarchar(1000), @table_name varchar(200), @table_schema varchar(100)
while exists(select 1 from @to_delete where processed = 0) begin
select top 1 @id = id, @criteria = criteria, @table_name = table_name, @table_schema = table_schema from @to_delete where processed = 0 order by id desc
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_schema, table_name, processed)
select referencing_column.name + ' in (select [' + referenced_column.name + '] from [' + @table_schema + '].[' + @table_name +'] where ' + @criteria + ')',
schematable.name,
referencing_table.name,
0
from sys.foreign_key_columns fk
inner join sys.columns referencing_column on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_column.object_id
and fk.parent_column_id = referencing_column.column_id
inner join sys.columns referenced_column on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_column.object_id
and fk.referenced_column_id = referenced_column.column_id
inner join sys.objects referencing_table on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_table.object_id
inner join sys.schemas schematable on referencing_table.schema_id = schematable.schema_id
inner join sys.objects referenced_table on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects constraint_object on fk.constraint_object_id = constraint_object.object_id
where referenced_table.name = @table_name
and referencing_table.name != referenced_table.name
update @to_delete set
processed = 1
where id = @id
end
select 'print ''deleting from ' + table_name + '...''; delete from [' + table_schema + '].[' + table_name + '] where ' + criteria from @to_delete order by id desc
end
exec usp_delete_cascade 'schema', 'RootTable', 'Id = 123'
exec usp_delete_cascade 'schema', 'RootTable', 'GuidId = ''A7202F84-FA57-4355-B499-1F8718E29058'''
凯文职位是不完整的,他的T-SQL SP只打印命令,执行这些命令,最后末尾添加此
DECLARE @commandText VARCHAR(8000)
DECLARE curDeletes CURSOR FOR
select 'delete from [' + table_name + '] where ' + criteria from @to_delete order by id desc
OPEN curDeletes
FETCH NEXT FROM curDeletes
INTO
@commandText
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
EXEC (@commandText)
FETCH NEXT FROM curDeletes INTO @commandText
END
CLOSE curDeletes
DEALLOCATE curDeletes
之前,这里有一个人口稀少的优化版本接受的答案的数据模型。它在将它添加到删除列表之前检查FK链中是否存在数据。我用它来清理测试数据。
不要在活动的事务性数据库中使用它 - 它会锁住太长时间。
/*
-- ============================================================================
-- Purpose: Performs a cascading hard-delete.
-- Not for use on an active transactional database- it holds locks for too long.
-- (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/116968/in-sql-server-2005-can-i-do-a-cascade-delete-without-setting-the-property-on-my)
-- eg:
exec dbo.hp_Common_Delete 'tblConsumer', 'Surname = ''TestDxOverdueOneReviewWm''', 1
-- ============================================================================
*/
create proc [dbo].[hp_Common_Delete]
(
@TableName sysname,
@Where nvarchar(4000), -- Shouldn't include 'where' keyword, e.g. Surname = 'smith', NOT where Surname = 'smith'
@IsDebug bit = 0
)
as
set nocount on
begin try
-- Prepare tables to store deletion criteria.
-- #tmp_to_delete stores criteria that is tested for results before being added to #to_delete
create table #to_delete
(
id int identity(1, 1) primary key not null,
criteria nvarchar(4000) not null,
table_name sysname not null,
processed bit not null default(0)
)
create table #tmp_to_delete
(
id int primary key identity(1,1),
criteria nvarchar(4000) not null,
table_name sysname not null
)
-- Open a transaction (it'll be a long one- don't use this on production!)
-- We need a transaction around criteria generation because we only
-- retain criteria that has rows in the db, and we don't want that to change under us.
begin tran
-- If the top-level table meets the deletion criteria, add it
declare @Sql nvarchar(4000)
set @Sql = 'if exists(select top(1) * from ' + @TableName + ' where ' + @Where + ')
insert #to_delete (criteria, table_name) values (''' + replace(@Where, '''', '''''') + ''', ''' + @TableName + ''')'
exec (@Sql)
-- Loop over deletion table, walking foreign keys to generate delete targets
declare @id int, @tmp_id int, @criteria nvarchar(4000), @new_criteria nvarchar(4000), @table_name sysname, @new_table_name sysname
while exists(select 1 from #to_delete where processed = 0)
begin
-- Grab table/criteria to work on
select top(1) @id = id,
@criteria = criteria,
@table_name = table_name
from #to_delete
where processed = 0
order by id desc
-- Insert all immediate child tables into a temp table for processing
insert #tmp_to_delete
select referencing_column.name + ' in (select [' + referenced_column.name + '] from [' + @table_name +'] where ' + @criteria + ')',
referencing_table.name
from sys.foreign_key_columns fk
inner join sys.columns referencing_column on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_column.object_id
and fk.parent_column_id = referencing_column.column_id
inner join sys.columns referenced_column on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_column.object_id
and fk.referenced_column_id = referenced_column.column_id
inner join sys.objects referencing_table on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects referenced_table on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects constraint_object on fk.constraint_object_id = constraint_object.object_id
where referenced_table.name = @table_name
and referencing_table.name != referenced_table.name
-- Loop on child table criteria, and insert them into delete table if they have records in the db
select @tmp_id = max(id) from #tmp_to_delete
while (@tmp_id >= 1)
begin
select @new_criteria = criteria, @new_table_name = table_name from #tmp_to_delete where id = @tmp_id
set @Sql = 'if exists(select top(1) * from ' + @new_table_name + ' where ' + @new_criteria + ')
insert #to_delete (criteria, table_name) values (''' + replace(@new_criteria, '''', '''''') + ''', ''' + @new_table_name + ''')'
exec (@Sql)
set @tmp_id = @tmp_id - 1
end
truncate table #tmp_to_delete
-- Move to next record
update #to_delete
set processed = 1
where id = @id
end
-- We have a list of all tables requiring deletion. Actually delete now.
select @id = max(id) from #to_delete
while (@id >= 1)
begin
select @criteria = criteria, @table_name = table_name from #to_delete where id = @id
set @Sql = 'delete from [' + @table_name + '] where ' + @criteria
if (@IsDebug = 1) print @Sql
exec (@Sql)
-- Next record
set @id = @id - 1
end
commit
end try
begin catch
-- Any error results in a rollback of the entire job
if (@@trancount > 0) rollback
declare @message nvarchar(2047), @errorProcedure nvarchar(126), @errorMessage nvarchar(2048), @errorNumber int, @errorSeverity int, @errorState int, @errorLine int
select @errorProcedure = isnull(error_procedure(), N'hp_Common_Delete'),
@errorMessage = isnull(error_message(), N'hp_Common_Delete unable to determine error message'),
@errorNumber = error_number(), @errorSeverity = error_severity(), @errorState = error_state(), @errorLine = error_line()
-- Prepare error information as it would be output in SQL Mgt Studio
declare @event nvarchar(2047)
select @event = 'Msg ' + isnull(cast(@errorNumber as varchar), 'null') +
', Level ' + isnull(cast(@errorSeverity as varchar), 'null') +
', State ' + isnull(cast(@errorState as varchar), 'null') +
', Procedure ' + isnull(@errorProcedure, 'null') +
', Line ' + isnull(cast(@errorLine as varchar), 'null') +
': ' + isnull(@errorMessage, '@ErrorMessage null')
print @event
-- Re-raise error to ensure admin/job runners understand there was a failure
raiserror(@errorMessage, @errorSeverity, @errorState)
end catch
croisharp的回答扩张采取触发器考虑,即禁止所有影响触发器,删除行,并启用触发器,即感知模式的解决方案。
CREATE PROCEDURE usp_delete_cascade (
@base_table_schema varchar(100),
@base_table_name varchar(200),
@base_criteria nvarchar(1000)
)
as begin
-- Expects the name of a table, and a conditional for selecting rows
-- within that table that you want deleted.
-- Produces SQL that, when run, deletes all table rows referencing the ones
-- you initially selected, cascading into any number of tables,
-- without the need for "ON DELETE CASCADE".
-- Does not appear to work with self-referencing tables, but it will
-- delete everything beneath them.
-- To make it easy on the server, put a "GO" statement between each line.
declare @to_delete table (
id int identity(1, 1) primary key not null,
criteria nvarchar(1000) not null,
table_schema varchar(100),
table_name varchar(200) not null,
processed bit not null,
delete_sql varchar(1000)
)
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_schema, table_name, processed) values (@base_criteria, @base_table_schema, @base_table_name, 0)
declare @id int, @criteria nvarchar(1000), @table_name varchar(200), @table_schema varchar(100)
while exists(select 1 from @to_delete where processed = 0) begin
select top 1 @id = id, @criteria = criteria, @table_name = table_name, @table_schema = table_schema from @to_delete where processed = 0 order by id desc
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_schema, table_name, processed)
select referencing_column.name + ' in (select [' + referenced_column.name + '] from [' + @table_schema + '].[' + @table_name +'] where ' + @criteria + ')',
schematable.name,
referencing_table.name,
0
from sys.foreign_key_columns fk
inner join sys.columns referencing_column on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_column.object_id
and fk.parent_column_id = referencing_column.column_id
inner join sys.columns referenced_column on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_column.object_id
and fk.referenced_column_id = referenced_column.column_id
inner join sys.objects referencing_table on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_table.object_id
inner join sys.schemas schematable on referencing_table.schema_id = schematable.schema_id
inner join sys.objects referenced_table on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects constraint_object on fk.constraint_object_id = constraint_object.object_id
where referenced_table.name = @table_name
and referencing_table.name != referenced_table.name
update @to_delete set
processed = 1
where id = @id
end
select 'print ''deleting from ' + table_name + '...''; delete from [' + table_schema + '].[' + table_name + '] where ' + criteria from @to_delete order by id desc
DECLARE @commandText VARCHAR(8000), @triggerOn VARCHAR(8000), @triggerOff VARCHAR(8000)
DECLARE curDeletes CURSOR FOR
select
'DELETE FROM [' + table_schema + '].[' + table_name + '] WHERE ' + criteria,
'ALTER TABLE [' + table_schema + '].[' + table_name + '] DISABLE TRIGGER ALL',
'ALTER TABLE [' + table_schema + '].[' + table_name + '] ENABLE TRIGGER ALL'
from @to_delete order by id desc
OPEN curDeletes
FETCH NEXT FROM curDeletes INTO @commandText, @triggerOff, @triggerOn
WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)
BEGIN
EXEC (@triggerOff)
EXEC (@commandText)
EXEC (@triggerOn)
FETCH NEXT FROM curDeletes INTO @commandText, @triggerOff, @triggerOn
END
CLOSE curDeletes
DEALLOCATE curDeletes
end
这个脚本有两个问题:1。 必须注明条件1 = 1,以删除所有表的基础。 2.这只创建与基表的直接关系。如果最终的表具有另一个表父关系时,删除失败
DELETE FROM [DBO]。[表2] WHERE表格ID中(选择[ID]从[DBO]。[表3],其中1 = 1)
如果表2有一个父关系表1
这里发布一个脚本,该脚本将与外键一起使用,该脚本包含多个列。
create procedure usp_delete_cascade (
@TableName varchar(200), @Where nvarchar(1000)
) as begin
declare @to_delete table (
id int identity(1, 1) primary key not null,
criteria nvarchar(1000) not null,
table_name varchar(200) not null,
processed bit not null default(0),
delete_sql varchar(1000)
)
DECLARE @MyCursor CURSOR
declare @referencing_column_name varchar(1000)
declare @referencing_table_name varchar(1000)
declare @Sql nvarchar(4000)
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_name) values ('', @TableName)
declare @id int, @criteria nvarchar(1000), @table_name varchar(200)
while exists(select 1 from @to_delete where processed = 0) begin
select top 1 @id = id, @criteria = criteria, @table_name = table_name from @to_delete where processed = 0 order by id desc
SET @MyCursor = CURSOR FAST_FORWARD
FOR
select referencing_column.name as column_name,
referencing_table.name as table_name
from sys.foreign_key_columns fk
inner join sys.columns referencing_column on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_column.object_id
and fk.parent_column_id = referencing_column.column_id
inner join sys.columns referenced_column on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_column.object_id
and fk.referenced_column_id = referenced_column.column_id
inner join sys.objects referencing_table on fk.parent_object_id = referencing_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects referenced_table on fk.referenced_object_id = referenced_table.object_id
inner join sys.objects constraint_object on fk.constraint_object_id = constraint_object.object_id
where referenced_table.name = @table_name
and referencing_table.name != referenced_table.name
OPEN @MyCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM @MYCursor
INTO @referencing_column_name, @referencing_table_name
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
PRINT @referencing_column_name
PRINT @referencing_table_name
update @to_delete set criteria = criteria + ' AND '[email protected]_name+'.'[email protected]_column_name+'='+ @referencing_table_name+'.'[email protected]_column_name
where table_name = @referencing_table_name
if(@@ROWCOUNT = 0)
BEGIN
--if(@id <> 1)
--BEGIN
insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_name)
VALUES(' LEFT JOIN '[email protected]_name+' ON '[email protected]_name+'.'[email protected]_column_name+'='+ @referencing_table_name+'.'[email protected]_column_name+ @criteria,
@referencing_table_name
)
--END
--ELSE
--BEGIN
--insert into @to_delete (criteria, table_name)
--VALUES(' LEFT JOIN '[email protected]_name+' ON '[email protected]_name+'.'[email protected]_column_name+'='+ @referencing_table_name+'.'[email protected]_column_name,
[email protected]_table_name
--)
--END
END
FETCH NEXT FROM @MYCursor
INTO @referencing_column_name, @referencing_table_name
END
CLOSE @MyCursor
DEALLOCATE @MyCursor
update @to_delete set
processed = 1
where id = @id
end
--select 'print ''deleting from ' + table_name + '...''; delete from [' + table_name + '] where ' + criteria from @to_delete order by id desc
--select id, table_name, criteria, @Where from @to_delete order by id desc
select @id = max(id) from @to_delete
while (@id >= 1)
begin
select @criteria = criteria, @table_name = table_name from @to_delete where id = @id
set @Sql = 'delete [' + @table_name + '] from [' + @table_name + '] ' + @criteria+' WHERE '[email protected]
exec (@Sql)
PRINT @Sql
-- Next record
set @id = @id - 1
end
end
好脚本!谢谢! – splattne 2009-06-15 09:17:32
这个脚本允许我发送例如'code = ABC和name = dave' – ThePower 2011-04-28 08:32:55