使用模块模式的JavaScript类原型设计

Question

我正在寻找在JavaScript中定义类的方法。我想出了混合模块和原型模式，但不知道如果我不想错过什么。基本上我想用'this'关键字。例如：

var A = function() 
    { 
    this.x = 10; 
    }; 

A.prototype = (function() 
    { 
    function privatePrint() 
     { 
     alert("Printing from private! x:" + this.x); 
     } 
    this.print = function() 
     { 
     privatePrint.call(this); 
     }; 
    return this; 
    }).apply(A.prototype); 

var a = new A(); 
a.print(); 

返回值只是为了便于阅读 - 答：原型可以在开头使用。

模式我也试过：

• 模块： '新' 关键字不能使用。
• 原型，揭示原型： 没有延伸如果原型声明 （由对象返回公共方法）

是我的做法可以接受私人的功能呢？

Answer 1

**Public** 

function Constructor(...) { 
    this.membername = value; 
} 
Constructor.prototype.membername = value; 

**Private** 

function Constructor(...) { 
    var that = this; 
    var membername = value; 
    function membername(...) {...} 

} 

Note: The function statement 

function membername(...) {...} 

is shorthand for 

var membername = function membername(...) {...}; 

**Privileged** 

function Constructor(...) { 
    this.membername = function (...) {...}; 
} 

Answer 2

自从你问了两年多了，但在谷歌搜索一个类似的方法，我最终在这里。除了（因为你实质上是在征求意见）之外，我没有看到你的实现有什么缺点，它似乎有点混淆你为什么将原型作为IIFE导入的原因。

否则，你已经得到了非常相似的“泄露原型模式”我已经基本上被视为这样的其他“标准”的实施：

(function (NS) { 

    'use strict'; 

    // constructor for the Person "Class", attached to your global namespace 
    var Person = NS.Person = function (name) { 
     // set properties unique for each instance 
     this.name = name; 
    }; 

    // may not be necessary, but safe 
    Person.prototype.constructor = Person; 

    // private method 
    var _privateMethod = function() { 
     // do private stuff 
     // use the "_" convention to mark as private 
     // this is scoped to the modules' IIFE wrapper, but not bound the returned "Person" object, i.e. it is private 
    }; 

    // public method 
    Person.prototype.speak = function() { 
     console.log("Hello there, I'm " + this.name); 
    }; 

    return Person; 

})(window.NS = window.NS || {}); // import a global namespace 

// use your namespaced Person "Class" 
var david = new NS.Person("David"); 
david.speak(); 

也有类似的模块模式，其结构可能是更像是“类”的实施你是后：

(function (NS) { 

    'use strict'; 

    // constructor for the Person "Class", attached to your global namespace 
    var Person = NS.Person = function (name) { 

     // reset constructor (the prototype is completely overwritten below) 
     this.constructor = Person; 

     // set properties unique for each instance 
     this.name = name; 
    }; 

    // all methods on the prototype 
    Person.prototype = (function() { 

     // private method 
     var _privateMethod = function() { 
      // do private stuff 
      // use the "_" convention to mark as private 
      // this is scoped to the IIFE but not bound to the returned object, i.e. it is private 
     }; 

     // public method 
     var speak = function() { 
      console.log("Hello there, I'm " + this.name); 
     }; 

     // returned object with public methods 
     return { 
      speak: speak 
     }; 
    }()); 

})(window.NS = window.NS || {}); // import a global namespace 

// use your namespaced Person "Class" 
var david = new NS.Person("David"); 
david.speak(); 

要点：https://gist.github.com/dgowrie/24fb3483051579b89512