设计可确认的电子邮件和paper_trail的问题

Question

我需要对我的设计用户模型进行一些更改跟踪。我正在尝试paper_trail，但它在更改电子邮件和还原时会导致问题。

1.9.3p385 :048 > u = User.create email: 'aaa@bob.com', password: 'password', username: 'bob' 
    (0.2ms) BEGIN 
    User Exists (0.3ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`email` = BINARY 'aaa@bob.com' LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.1ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`username` = BINARY 'bob' LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.1ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`email` = BINARY 'aaa@bob.com' LIMIT 1 
    User Load (0.2ms) SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`confirmation_token` = 'zNfBSVLJJ9nF4y5sanVU' LIMIT 1 
    SQL (0.2ms) INSERT INTO `users` (`confirmation_sent_at`, `confirmation_token`, `confirmed_at`, `created_at`, `current_sign_in_at`, `current_sign_in_ip`, `email`, `encrypted_password`, `last_sign_in_at`, `last_sign_in_ip`, `remember_created_at`, `reset_password_sent_at`, `reset_password_token`, `roles_mask`, `sign_in_count`, `unconfirmed_email`, `updated_at`, `username`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:15:53', 'zNfBSVLJJ9nF4y5sanVU', NULL, '2013-03-05 13:15:53', NULL, NULL, 'aaa@bob.com', '$2a$10$1BrAH1yqgF3qbgkmpMPl/uE0UY792aB8fvYKLksMnyQsn7sM/dY4O', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, '2013-03-05 13:15:53', 'bob') 
    SQL (0.2ms) INSERT INTO `versions` (`created_at`, `event`, `item_id`, `item_type`, `object`, `whodunnit`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:15:53', 'create', 9, 'User', NULL, NULL) 
    (1.3ms) COMMIT 
=> #<User id: 9, username: "bob", email: "aaa@bob.com", encrypted_password: "$2a$10$1BrAH1yqgF3qbgkmpMPl/uE0UY792aB8fvYKLksMnyQs...", reset_password_token: nil, reset_password_sent_at: nil, remember_created_at: nil, sign_in_count: 0, current_sign_in_at: nil, last_sign_in_at: nil, current_sign_in_ip: nil, last_sign_in_ip: nil, created_at: "2013-03-05 13:15:53", updated_at: "2013-03-05 13:15:53", roles_mask: nil, confirmation_token: "zNfBSVLJJ9nF4y5sanVU", confirmed_at: nil, confirmation_sent_at: "2013-03-05 13:15:53", unconfirmed_email: nil> 
1.9.3p385 :049 > u.confirm! 
    (0.1ms) BEGIN 
    (0.6ms) UPDATE `users` SET `confirmation_token` = NULL, `confirmed_at` = '2013-03-05 13:16:23', `updated_at` = '2013-03-05 13:16:23' WHERE `users`.`id` = 9 
    SQL (0.4ms) INSERT INTO `versions` (`created_at`, `event`, `item_id`, `item_type`, `object`, `whodunnit`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:16:23', 'update', 9, 'User', '---\nusername: bob\nemail: aaa@bob.com\nencrypted_password: !binary |-\n JDJhJDEwJDFCckFIMXlxZ0YzcWJna21wTVBsL3VFMFVZNzkyYUI4ZnZZS0xr\n c01ueVFzbjdzTS9kWTRP\nreset_password_token: \nreset_password_sent_at: \nremember_created_at: \nsign_in_count: 0\ncurrent_sign_in_at: \nlast_sign_in_at: \ncurrent_sign_in_ip: \nlast_sign_in_ip: \ncreated_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.205031000 Z\nupdated_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.205031000 Z\nroles_mask: \nconfirmation_token: zNfBSVLJJ9nF4y5sanVU\nconfirmed_at: \nconfirmation_sent_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.204780000 Z\nunconfirmed_email: \nid: 9\n', NULL) 
    (25.4ms) COMMIT 
=> true 
1.9.3p385 :050 > u.versions.length 
    Version Load (0.5ms) SELECT `versions`.* FROM `versions` WHERE `versions`.`item_id` = 9 AND `versions`.`item_type` = 'User' ORDER BY created_at ASC, id ASC 
=> 2 
1.9.3p385 :051 > u.email = 'bbb@bob.com' 
=> "bbb@bob.com" 
1.9.3p385 :052 > u.save 
    (0.1ms) BEGIN 
    User Exists (0.3ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`email` = BINARY 'bbb@bob.com' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`username` = BINARY 'bob' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`email` = BINARY 'bbb@bob.com' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    (0.2ms) UPDATE `users` SET `unconfirmed_email` = 'bbb@bob.com', `updated_at` = '2013-03-05 13:17:07' WHERE `users`.`id` = 9 
    SQL (0.2ms) INSERT INTO `versions` (`created_at`, `event`, `item_id`, `item_type`, `object`, `whodunnit`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:17:07', 'update', 9, 'User', '---\nusername: bob\nemail: aaa@bob.com\nencrypted_password: !binary |-\n JDJhJDEwJDFCckFIMXlxZ0YzcWJna21wTVBsL3VFMFVZNzkyYUI4ZnZZS0xr\n c01ueVFzbjdzTS9kWTRP\nreset_password_token: \nreset_password_sent_at: \nremember_created_at: \nsign_in_count: 0\ncurrent_sign_in_at: \nlast_sign_in_at: \ncurrent_sign_in_ip: \nlast_sign_in_ip: \ncreated_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.205031000 Z\nupdated_at: 2013-03-05 13:16:23.677037000 Z\nroles_mask: \nconfirmation_token: \nconfirmed_at: 2013-03-05 13:16:23.674113000 Z\nconfirmation_sent_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.204780000 Z\nunconfirmed_email: \nid: 9\n', NULL) 
    User Load (0.2ms) SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`confirmation_token` = 'KJHQCtu74MqUSAdczu3Q' LIMIT 1 
    (11.2ms) UPDATE `users` SET `unconfirmed_email` = 'bbb@bob.com', `updated_at` = '2013-03-05 13:17:07', `confirmation_token` = 'KJHQCtu74MqUSAdczu3Q', `confirmation_sent_at` = '2013-03-05 13:17:07' WHERE `users`.`id` = 9 
    SQL (0.2ms) INSERT INTO `versions` (`created_at`, `event`, `item_id`, `item_type`, `object`, `whodunnit`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:17:07', 'update', 9, 'User', '---\nusername: bob\nemail: aaa@bob.com\nencrypted_password: !binary |-\n JDJhJDEwJDFCckFIMXlxZ0YzcWJna21wTVBsL3VFMFVZNzkyYUI4ZnZZS0xr\n c01ueVFzbjdzTS9kWTRP\nreset_password_token: \nreset_password_sent_at: \nremember_created_at: \nsign_in_count: 0\ncurrent_sign_in_at: \nlast_sign_in_at: \ncurrent_sign_in_ip: \nlast_sign_in_ip: \ncreated_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.205031000 Z\nupdated_at: 2013-03-05 13:16:23.677037000 Z\nroles_mask: \nconfirmation_token: \nconfirmed_at: 2013-03-05 13:16:23.674113000 Z\nconfirmation_sent_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.204780000 Z\nunconfirmed_email: \nid: 9\n', NULL) 
    (0.5ms) COMMIT 
=> true 
1.9.3p385 :053 > u.email 
=> "aaa@bob.com" 
1.9.3p385 :054 > u.unconfirmed_email 
=> "bbb@bob.com" 
1.9.3p385 :055 > u.confirm! 
    (0.1ms) BEGIN 
    User Exists (0.3ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`email` = BINARY 'bbb@bob.com' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`username` = BINARY 'bob' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`email` = BINARY 'bbb@bob.com' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    (0.3ms) UPDATE `users` SET `confirmation_token` = NULL, `confirmed_at` = '2013-03-05 13:18:08', `email` = 'bbb@bob.com', `unconfirmed_email` = NULL, `updated_at` = '2013-03-05 13:18:08' WHERE `users`.`id` = 9 
    SQL (0.2ms) INSERT INTO `versions` (`created_at`, `event`, `item_id`, `item_type`, `object`, `whodunnit`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:18:08', 'update', 9, 'User', '---\nusername: bob\nemail: aaa@bob.com\nencrypted_password: !binary |-\n JDJhJDEwJDFCckFIMXlxZ0YzcWJna21wTVBsL3VFMFVZNzkyYUI4ZnZZS0xr\n c01ueVFzbjdzTS9kWTRP\nreset_password_token: \nreset_password_sent_at: \nremember_created_at: \nsign_in_count: 0\ncurrent_sign_in_at: \nlast_sign_in_at: \ncurrent_sign_in_ip: \nlast_sign_in_ip: \ncreated_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.205031000 Z\nupdated_at: 2013-03-05 13:17:07.788127000 Z\nroles_mask: \nconfirmation_token: KJHQCtu74MqUSAdczu3Q\nconfirmed_at: 2013-03-05 13:16:23.674113000 Z\nconfirmation_sent_at: 2013-03-05 13:17:07.790567000 Z\nunconfirmed_email: bbb@bob.com\nid: 9\n', NULL) 
    (15.4ms) COMMIT 
=> true 
1.9.3p385 :056 > u.email 
=> "bbb@bob.com" 
1.9.3p385 :057 > u.versions.last.reify.save # revert to before the email confirm 
    User Load (0.3ms) SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`id` = 9 LIMIT 1 
    (0.1ms) BEGIN 
    User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`email` = BINARY 'aaa@bob.com' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`username` = BINARY 'bob' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    User Exists (0.2ms) SELECT 1 AS one FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`email` = BINARY 'aaa@bob.com' AND `users`.`id` != 9) LIMIT 1 
    (0.3ms) UPDATE `users` SET `created_at` = '2013-03-05 13:15:53', `updated_at` = '2013-03-05 13:17:07', `confirmation_token` = 'KJHQCtu74MqUSAdczu3Q', `confirmed_at` = '2013-03-05 13:16:23', `confirmation_sent_at` = '2013-03-05 13:17:07', `unconfirmed_email` = 'aaa@bob.com' WHERE `users`.`id` = 9 
    SQL (0.2ms) INSERT INTO `versions` (`created_at`, `event`, `item_id`, `item_type`, `object`, `whodunnit`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:20:13', 'update', 9, 'User', '---\nusername: bob\nemail: bbb@bob.com\nencrypted_password: !binary |-\n JDJhJDEwJDFCckFIMXlxZ0YzcWJna21wTVBsL3VFMFVZNzkyYUI4ZnZZS0xr\n c01ueVFzbjdzTS9kWTRP\nreset_password_token: \nreset_password_sent_at: \nremember_created_at: \nsign_in_count: 0\ncurrent_sign_in_at: \nlast_sign_in_at: \ncurrent_sign_in_ip: \nlast_sign_in_ip: \ncreated_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.000000000 Z\nupdated_at: 2013-03-05 13:18:08.000000000 Z\nroles_mask: \nconfirmation_token: \nconfirmed_at: 2013-03-05 13:18:08.000000000 Z\nconfirmation_sent_at: 2013-03-05 13:17:07.000000000 Z\nunconfirmed_email: \nid: 9\n', NULL) 
    User Load (0.2ms) SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`confirmation_token` = 'q9Y5ovWigLySxvz7PsaB' LIMIT 1 
    (0.2ms) UPDATE `users` SET `created_at` = '2013-03-05 13:15:53', `updated_at` = '2013-03-05 13:17:07', `confirmed_at` = '2013-03-05 13:16:23', `confirmation_sent_at` = '2013-03-05 13:20:13', `unconfirmed_email` = 'aaa@bob.com', `confirmation_token` = 'q9Y5ovWigLySxvz7PsaB' WHERE `users`.`id` = 9 
    SQL (17.4ms) INSERT INTO `versions` (`created_at`, `event`, `item_id`, `item_type`, `object`, `whodunnit`) VALUES ('2013-03-05 13:20:13', 'update', 9, 'User', '---\nusername: bob\nemail: bbb@bob.com\nencrypted_password: !binary |-\n JDJhJDEwJDFCckFIMXlxZ0YzcWJna21wTVBsL3VFMFVZNzkyYUI4ZnZZS0xr\n c01ueVFzbjdzTS9kWTRP\nreset_password_token: \nreset_password_sent_at: \nremember_created_at: \nsign_in_count: 0\ncurrent_sign_in_at: \nlast_sign_in_at: \ncurrent_sign_in_ip: \nlast_sign_in_ip: \ncreated_at: 2013-03-05 13:15:53.000000000 Z\nupdated_at: 2013-03-05 13:18:08.000000000 Z\nroles_mask: \nconfirmation_token: \nconfirmed_at: 2013-03-05 13:18:08.000000000 Z\nconfirmation_sent_at: 2013-03-05 13:17:07.000000000 Z\nunconfirmed_email: \nid: 9\n', NULL) 
    (7.0ms) COMMIT 
=> true 

现在，我们已经恢复了用户状态的新的电子邮件确认前：我可以在几行轨控制台下方说明问题

1.9.3p385 :059 > u = User.where(username: 'bob').first 
    User Load (0.4ms) SELECT `users`.* FROM `users` WHERE `users`.`username` = 'bob' LIMIT 1 
=> #<User id: 9, username: "bob", email: "bbb@bob.com", encrypted_password: "$2a$10$1BrAH1yqgF3qbgkmpMPl/uE0UY792aB8fvYKLksMnyQs...", reset_password_token: nil, reset_password_sent_at: nil, remember_created_at: nil, sign_in_count: 0, current_sign_in_at: nil, last_sign_in_at: nil, current_sign_in_ip: nil, last_sign_in_ip: nil, created_at: "2013-03-05 13:15:53", updated_at: "2013-03-05 13:17:07", roles_mask: nil, confirmation_token: "q9Y5ovWigLySxvz7PsaB", confirmed_at: "2013-03-05 13:16:23", confirmation_sent_at: "2013-03-05 13:20:13", unconfirmed_email: "aaa@bob.com"> 
1.9.3p385 :060 > u.email 
=> "bbb@bob.com" 
1.9.3p385 :061 > u.unconfirmed_email 
=> "aaa@bob.com" 

正如我们所看到的，这不是用户之前的状态。我想这是因为Devise检测到电子邮件发生变化，并且新电子邮件被设置为未经确认的电子邮件。无论如何，只有在恢复到此对象的以前版本时，我才可以绕过这一点？

另外，我注意到Devise为单个电子邮件更新执行2 USER users语句（第一个是第二个子集）。任何理由为此，有没有修复？它为用户添加了额外的不必要的版本记录。

Answer 1

我花更多的时间与这两个设计和paper_trail，我相信我已经找到了如何手动更改电子邮件和跳过（重新）确认的选项搞混。

# skipping the initial confirmation 
user = User.new email: 'foo@bar.com', password: 'secret', username: 'foo' 
user.skip_confirmation! 
user.save 
user.versions.length # => 1 

# skip the reconfirmation 
user.email = 'bar@baz.com' 
user.skip_reconfirmation! 
user.save 
user.versions.length # => 2 

# revert 
reverted_user = user.versions.last.reify 
reverted_user.live? # => false 
reverted_user.skip_reconfirmation! 
reverted_user.save 
reverted_user.live? # => true 
reverted_user.email # => "foo@bar.com" 

的skip_reconfirmation!使得直接保存设置email领域，而不是将其设置为unconfirmed_email。

编辑：经过更多的工作，我很困惑又一次什么paper_trail做：

let(:user) { User.new(username: 'bob', email: 'bob@default.com', password: 'secret101') } 
it "can revert to a previous version" do 
    user.save # version 1 (unconfirmed) 

    user.confirm! # version 2 (confirmed) 

    user.email.should eq 'bob@default.com' 
    user.unconfirmed_email.should be_nil 

    user.update_attributes email: 'bob@builder.com' # version 3, 4 (un-reconfirmed) 
    user.versions.should have(4).items 

    user.email.should eq 'bob@default.com' 
    user.unconfirmed_email.should eq 'bob@builder.com' 

    user.confirm! # version 5 (reconfirmed) 
    user.versions.should have(5).items 

    user.email.should eq 'bob@builder.com' 
    user.unconfirmed_email.should be_nil 

    # revert to the first confirmed user 
    reverted_user = user.versions[2].reify 
    reverted_user.email.should eq 'bob@default.com' 
    reverted_user.unconfirmed_email.should be_nil 
    reverted_user.should be_confirmed 
    reverted_user.should_not be_live 
    reverted_user.skip_reconfirmation! 
    reverted_user.save!.should be_true 
    reverted_user.should be_live # FAILS 

    live_user = User.where(username: 'bob').first 
    live_user.should be_live 
    live_user.should be_confirmed 
    live_user.email.should eq 'bob@default.com' 
    live_user.unconfirmed_email.should be_nil 

    user.email.should eq 'bob@builder.com' # => passes 
    user.should_not be_live # => FAILS 
end 

我不明白为什么2项与注释“失败”是失败的规范