将java applet更改为java应用程序

Question

我有一个运行GUI的小程序。我想从我的其他程序调用这个GUI。我知道我需要将这个applet变成一个应用程序。我有一个init（）和一个actionPerformed（ActionEvent ae）。我该怎么做？

我的代码：

import java.applet.*; 
import java.awt.*; 
import java.awt.event.*; 
import java.util.*; 
import java.io.*; 

public class survey extends Applet implements ActionListener 
{ 
    private TextField question; 
    private Button enter, start; 
    int count = 0; 
    int a = 0; 
    int b = 0; 
    int c = 0; 
    int d = 0; 
    String text, input; 

    private Label intro1, intro2, intro3; 
    private Label qone1, qone2, qone3, qone4, qone5, qone6, qone7, qone8, qone9, qone10, qone11, qone12; 
    private Label qtwo1, qtwo2, qtwo3, qtwo4, qtwo5, qtwo6, qtwo7, qtwo8, qtwo9, qtwo10, qtwo11, qtwo12; 
    private Label qthree1, qthree2, qthree3, qthree4, qthree5, qthree6, qthree7, qthree8, qthree9, qthree10, qthree11, qthree12; 
    private Label qfour1, qfour2, qfour3, qfour4, qfour5, qfour6, qfour7, qfour8, qfour9, qfour10, qfour11, qfour12; 
    private Label qfive1, qfive2, qfive3, qfive4, qfive5, qfive6, qfive7, qfive8, qfive9, qfive10, qfive11, qfive12; 
    private Label qsix1, qsix2, qsix3, qsix4, qsix5, qsix6, qsix7, qsix8, qsix9, qsix10, qsix11, qsix12; 
    private Label qseven1, qseven2, qseven3, qseven4, qseven5, qseven6, qseven7, qseven8, qseven9, qseven10, qseven11, qseven12; 
    private Label qeight1, qeight2, qeight3, qeight4, qeight5, qeight6, qeight7, qeight8, qeight9, qeight10, qeight11, qeight12; 
    private Label qnine1, qnine2, qnine3, qnine4, qnine5, qnine6, qnine7, qnine8, qnine9, qnine10, qnine11, qnine12; 
    private Label qten1, qten2, qten3, qten4, qten5, qten6, qten7, qten8, qten9, qten10, qten11, qten12; 
    private Label qeleven1, qeleven2, qeleven3, qeleven4, qeleven5, qeleven6, 
    private Label finish1, finish2, finish3; 


    public void init() 
    { 
     setLayout(null); 
     start = new Button ("Start"); 
     question = new TextField(10); 
     enter = new Button ("Enter"); 
     if (count == 0) 
     { 
      setBackground(Color.yellow); 
      intro1 = new Label("Target Advertising", Label.CENTER); 
      intro1.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 16)); 
      intro2 = new Label("Welcome to this questionnaire. First, we would like to know more about your personal preferences."); 
      intro3 = new Label("For each question, Input a rating between 0-9 (zero = least interested, 9 = most interested) in the text box. Click enter for next question."); 

      add(intro1); 
      add(intro2); 
      add(intro3); 
      intro1.setBounds(0,0,800,20); 
      intro2.setBounds(15,20,800,20); 
      intro3.setBounds(15,40,800,20); 
      add(start); 
      start.setBounds(370,60,70,23); 
      start.addActionListener(this); 
     } 
     if(count == 1) 
     { 
      setBackground(Color.yellow); 
      qone1 = new Label("Question 1", Label.LEFT); 
      qone1.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 16)); 
      qone2 = new Label("How much do you like action movies?"); 
      qone3 = new Label("0"); 
      qone4 = new Label("1"); 
      qone5 = new Label("2"); 
      qone6 = new Label("3"); 
      qone7 = new Label("4"); 
      qone8 = new Label("5"); 
      qone9 = new Label("6"); 
      qone10 = new Label("7"); 
      qone11 = new Label("8"); 
      qone12 = new Label("9"); 


      add(qone1); 
      add(qone2); 
      add(qone3); 
      add(qone4); 
      add(qone5); 
      add(qone6); 
      add(qone7); 
      add(qone8); 
      add(qone9); 
      add(qone10); 
      add(qone11); 
      add(qone12); 


      qone1.setBounds(15,0,800,20); 
      qone2.setBounds(15,20,800,15); 
      qone3.setBounds(15,60,800,15); 
      qone4.setBounds(15,80,800,15); 
      qone5.setBounds(15,100,800,15); 
      qone6.setBounds(15,120,800,15); 
      qone7.setBounds(15,140,800,15); 
      qone8.setBounds(15,160,800,15); 
      qone9.setBounds(15,180,800,15); 
      qone10.setBounds(15,200,800,15); 
      qone11.setBounds(15,220,800,15); 
      qone12.setBounds(15,240,800,15); 


      add(question); 
      add(enter); 
      question.setBounds(15,260,70,15); 
      enter.setBounds(90,260,110,23); 
      question.addActionListener(this); 
      enter.addActionListener(this); 
     } 
     if (count == 2) 
     { 

      qtwo1 = new Label("Question 2", Label.LEFT); 
      qtwo1.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 16)); 
      qtwo2 = new Label("How much do you like Science Fiction?"); 
      qtwo3 = new Label("0"); 
      qtwo4 = new Label("1"); 
      qtwo5 = new Label("2"); 
      qtwo6 = new Label("3"); 
      qtwo7 = new Label("4"); 
      qtwo8 = new Label("5"); 
      qtwo9 = new Label("6"); 
      qtwo10 = new Label("7"); 
      qtwo11 = new Label("8"); 
      qtwo12 = new Label("9"); 


      add(qtwo1); 
      add(qtwo2); 
      add(qtwo3); 
      add(qtwo4); 
      add(qtwo5); 
      add(qtwo6); 
      add(qtwo7); 
      add(qtwo8); 
      add(qtwo9); 
      add(qtwo10); 
      add(qtwo11); 
      add(qtwo12); 


      qtwo1.setBounds(15,0,800,20); 
      qtwo2.setBounds(15,20,800,15); 
      qtwo3.setBounds(15,60,800,15); 
      qtwo4.setBounds(15,80,800,15); 
      qtwo5.setBounds(15,100,800,15); 
      qtwo6.setBounds(15,120,800,15); 
      qtwo7.setBounds(15,140,800,15); 
      qtwo8.setBounds(15,160,800,15); 
      qtwo9.setBounds(15,180,800,15); 
      qtwo10.setBounds(15,200,800,15); 
      qtwo11.setBounds(15,220,800,15); 
      qtwo12.setBounds(15,240,800,15); 


      add(question); 
      add(enter); 
      question.setBounds(15,260,70,15); 
      enter.setBounds(90,260,110,23); 
      question.addActionListener(this); 
      enter.addActionListener(this); 
     } 
     if(count == 3) 
     { 

      qthree1 = new Label("Question 3", Label.LEFT); 
      qthree1.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 16)); 
      qthree2 = new Label("How much do you like comedy?"); 
      qthree3 = new Label("0"); 
      qthree4 = new Label("1"); 
      qthree5 = new Label("2"); 
      qthree6 = new Label("3"); 
      qthree7 = new Label("4"); 
      qthree8 = new Label("5"); 
      qthree9 = new Label("6"); 
      qthree10 = new Label("7"); 
      qthree11 = new Label("8"); 
      qthree12 = new Label("9"); 


      add(qthree1); 
      add(qthree2); 
      add(qthree3); 
      add(qthree4); 
      add(qthree5); 
      add(qthree6); 
      add(qthree7); 
      add(qthree8); 
      add(qthree9); 
      add(qthree10); 
      add(qthree11); 
      add(qthree12); 


      qthree1.setBounds(15,0,800,20); 
      qthree2.setBounds(15,20,800,15); 
      qthree3.setBounds(15,60,800,15); 
      qthree4.setBounds(15,80,800,15); 
      qthree5.setBounds(15,100,800,15); 
      qthree6.setBounds(15,120,800,15); 
      qthree7.setBounds(15,140,800,15); 
      qthree8.setBounds(15,160,800,15); 
      qthree9.setBounds(15,180,800,15); 
      qthree10.setBounds(15,200,800,15); 
      qthree11.setBounds(15,220,800,15); 
      qthree12.setBounds(15,240,800,15); 


      add(question); 
      add(enter); 
      question.setBounds(15,260,70,15); 
      enter.setBounds(90,260,110,23); 
      question.addActionListener(this); 
      enter.addActionListener(this); 
     } 
     if(count == 4) 
     { 


      qfour1 = new Label("Question 4", Label.LEFT); 
      qfour1.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 16)); 
      qfour2 = new Label("How much do you like luxary cars?"); 
      qfour3 = new Label("0"); 
      qfour4 = new Label("1"); 
      qfour5 = new Label("2"); 
      qfour6 = new Label("3"); 
      qfour7 = new Label("4"); 
      qfour8 = new Label("5"); 
      qfour9 = new Label("6"); 
      qfour10 = new Label("7"); 
      qfour11 = new Label("8"); 
      qfour12 = new Label("9"); 


      add(qfour1); 
      add(qfour2); 
      add(qfour3); 
      add(qfour4); 
      add(qfour5); 
      add(qfour6); 
      add(qfour7); 
      add(qfour8); 
      add(qfour9); 
      add(qfour10); 
      add(qfour11); 
      add(qfour12); 


      qfour1.setBounds(15,0,800,20); 
      qfour2.setBounds(15,20,800,15); 
      qfour3.setBounds(15,60,800,15); 
      qfour4.setBounds(15,80,800,15); 
      qfour5.setBounds(15,100,800,15); 
      qfour6.setBounds(15,120,800,15); 
      qfour7.setBounds(15,140,800,15); 
      qfour8.setBounds(15,160,800,15); 
      qfour9.setBounds(15,180,800,15); 
      qfour10.setBounds(15,200,800,15); 
      qfour11.setBounds(15,220,800,15); 
      qfour12.setBounds(15,240,800,15); 


      add(question); 
      add(enter); 
      question.setBounds(15,260,70,15); 
      enter.setBounds(90,260,110,23); 

      question.addActionListener(this); 
      enter.addActionListener(this); 
     } 
     if(count == 5) 
     { 


      qfive1 = new Label("Question 5", Label.LEFT); 
      qfive1.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 16)); 
      qfive2 = new Label("How much do you like trucks?"); 
      qfive3 = new Label("0"); 
      qfive4 = new Label("1"); 
      qfive5 = new Label("2"); 
      qfive6 = new Label("3"); 
      qfive7 = new Label("4"); 
      qfive8 = new Label("5"); 
      qfive9 = new Label("6"); 
      qfive10 = new Label("7"); 
      qfive11 = new Label("8"); 
      qfive12 = new Label("9"); 


      add(qfive1); 
      add(qfive2); 
      add(qfive3); 
      add(qfive4); 
      add(qfive5); 
      add(qfive6); 
      add(qfive7); 
      add(qfive8); 
      add(qfive9); 
      add(qfive10); 
      add(qfive11); 
      add(qfive12); 


      qfive1.setBounds(15,0,800,20); 
      qfive2.setBounds(15,20,800,15); 
      qfive3.setBounds(15,60,800,15); 
      qfive4.setBounds(15,80,800,15); 
      qfive5.setBounds(15,100,800,15); 
      qfive6.setBounds(15,120,800,15); 
      qfive7.setBounds(15,140,800,15); 
      qfive8.setBounds(15,160,800,15); 
      qfive9.setBounds(15,180,800,15); 
      qfive10.setBounds(15,200,800,15); 
      qfive11.setBounds(15,220,800,15); 
      qfive12.setBounds(15,240,800,15); 


      add(question); 
      add(enter); 
      question.setBounds(15,260,70,15); 
      enter.setBounds(90,260,110,23); 


      question.addActionListener(this); 
      enter.addActionListener(this); 
     } 







     if(count == 7) 
     { 

      finish1 = new Label("Thank You." , Label.CENTER); 
      finish1.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 50)); 
      finish2 = new Label("Questionnaire Completed.", Label.CENTER); 
      finish2.setFont(new Font("Times-Roman", Font.BOLD, 50)); 

      add(finish1); 
      add(finish2); 

      finish1.setBounds(0,200,800,60); 
      finish2.setBounds(0,300,800,60); 
     } 
    } 
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) 
    { 
     String button = ae.getActionCommand(); 
     text = question.getText(); 
     b = 0; 
     c = 0; 






     if (count == 6) 
     { 
      input = text.toUpperCase(); 
      remove(enter); 
      remove(question); 
      question.setText(""); 
      remove(qsix1); 
      remove(qsix2); 
      remove(qsix3); 
      remove(qsix4); 
      remove(qsix5); 
      remove(qsix6); 
      remove(qsix7); 
      remove(qsix8); 
      remove(qsix9); 
      remove(qsix10); 
      remove(qsix11); 
      remove(qsix12); 

      try{ 
        FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter("lets3.txt",true); 
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream); 
        out.write(new String(input)); 
        out.write("\n"); 
        out.close(); 
        } 

       catch (Exception e){ 
         System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); 
        } 
      if(input.equals("OL")) 
      { 
       b = 1; 
       count = 7; 
       init(); 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       b = 2; 
       count = 7; 
       init(); 
      } 

     } 
     if (count == 5) 
     { 

      input = text.toUpperCase(); 
      remove(enter); 
      remove(question); 
      question.setText(""); 
      remove(qfive1); 
      remove(qfive2); 
      remove(qfive3); 
      remove(qfive4); 
      remove(qfive5); 
      remove(qfive6); 
      remove(qfive7); 
      remove(qfive8); 
      remove(qfive9); 
      remove(qfive10); 
      remove(qfive11); 
      remove(qfive12); 

      try{ 
        FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter("lets3.txt",true); 
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream); 
        out.write(new String(input)); 
        out.write("\n"); 
        out.close(); 
        } 

       catch (Exception e){ 
         System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); 
        } 
      if(input.equals("BR")) 
      { 
       b = 1; 
       count = 6; 
       init(); 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       b = 2; 
       count = 6; 
       init(); 
      } 

     } 
     if (count == 4) 
     { 
      input = text.toLowerCase(); 
      remove(enter); 
      remove(question); 
      question.setText(""); 
      remove(qfour1); 
      remove(qfour2); 
      remove(qfour3); 
      remove(qfour4); 
      remove(qfour5); 
      remove(qfour6); 
      remove(qfour7); 
      remove(qfour8); 
      remove(qfour9); 
      remove(qfour10); 
      remove(qfour11); 
      remove(qfour12); 

      try{ 
        FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter("lets3.txt",true); 
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream); 
        out.write(new String(input)); 
        out.write("\n"); 
        out.close(); 
        } 

       catch (Exception e){ 
         System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); 
        } 
      if(input.equals("no")) 
      { 
       b = 1; 
       count = 5; 
       init(); 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       b = 2; 
       count = 5; 
       init(); 
      } 

     } 
     if (count == 3) 
     { 
      input = text.toLowerCase(); 
      remove(enter); 
      remove(question); 
      question.setText(""); 
      remove(qthree1); 
      remove(qthree2); 
      remove(qthree3); 
      remove(qthree4); 
      remove(qthree5); 
      remove(qthree6); 
      remove(qthree7); 
      remove(qthree8); 
      remove(qthree9); 
      remove(qthree10); 
      remove(qthree11); 
      remove(qthree12); 

      try{ 
        FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter("lets3.txt",true); 
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream); 
        out.write(new String(input)); 
        out.write("\n"); 
        out.close(); 
        } 

       catch (Exception e){ 
         System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); 
        } 
      if(input.equals("black")) 
      { 
       b = 1; 
       count = 4; 
       init(); 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       b = 2; 
       count = 4; 
       init(); 
      } 

     } 
     if (count == 2) 
     { 
      input = text.toLowerCase(); 
      remove(enter); 
      remove(question); 
      question.setText(""); 
      remove(qtwo1); 
      remove(qtwo2); 
      remove(qtwo3); 
      remove(qtwo4); 
      remove(qtwo5); 
      remove(qtwo6); 
      remove(qtwo7); 
      remove(qtwo8); 
      remove(qtwo9); 
      remove(qtwo10); 
      remove(qtwo11); 
      remove(qtwo12); 

      try{ 
        FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter("lets3.txt",true); 
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream); 
        out.write(new String(input)); 
        out.write("\n"); 
        out.close(); 
        } 

       catch (Exception e){ 
         System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); 
        } 
      if(input.equals("yes")) 
      { 
       b = 1; 
       count = 3; 
       init(); 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       b = 2; 
       count = 3; 
       init(); 
      } 
     } 
     if (count == 1) 
     { 
      input = text.toUpperCase(); 
      remove(enter); 
      remove(question); 
      question.setText(""); 
      remove(qone1); 
      remove(qone2); 
      remove(qone3); 
      remove(qone4); 
      remove(qone5); 
      remove(qone6); 
      remove(qone7); 
      remove(qone8); 
      remove(qone9); 
      remove(qone10); 
      remove(qone11); 
      remove(qone12); 



      try{ 
       FileWriter fstream = new FileWriter("lets3.txt",true); 
       BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(fstream); 
       out.write(new String(input)); 
       out.write("\n"); 
       out.close(); 
       } 

      catch (Exception e){ 
        System.err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); 
       } 

      if(input.equals("i")) 
      { 
       b = 1; 
       count = 2; 
       init(); 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       b = 1; 
       count = 2; 
       init(); 
      } 
     } 
     if (count == 0) 
     { 
      remove(intro1); 
      remove(intro2); 
      remove(intro3); 
      remove(start); 
      count = 1; 
      init(); 
     } 
     this.validate(); 
    } 
}    

Answer 1

一般情况下，你会想改变所有的非Swing组件的Swing组件。对于事件，它们对于applet和swing应用程序大致相同。希望能帮助到你。

Answer 2

只需添加一个main（）方法，为您的applet创建一个Frame，将该applet添加到该框架，然后调用applet的init（）和start（）方法。例如，请参阅我的Mandelbrot.java：http://unixshell.jcomeau.com/src/java/com/jcomeau/Mandelbrot.java

此方法的一个优点是，它可以与任何现有的小程序一起使用，以使其可以用作小程序或应用程序。如果您使用Swing组件，请使用JFrame，否则它应该几乎相同。

Answer 3

诚实地说，您需要从头开始重新编写程序，以便您可以合并面向对象技术，数组，集合以及Java所提供的其他优势。我建议：

• 首先，因为你的代码显示了一系列的问题，并提示响应，不要硬编码在代码中的问题，但让他们中的部分数据。让您的程序以包含问题的文本文件读取。这将允许您在不更改代码的情况下更改问题或添加问题。
• 创建一个非GUI问题类，其中包含问题和用户响应，GUI用作其“模型”。
• 创建问题对象的ArrayList。
• 对于您的GUI，代码为JPanel，而不是applet或JFrame。这将使您可以选择在JFrame或JApplet中使用GUI，或者根据需要在JDialog中嵌入或嵌入另一个JPanel中。
• 如果您需要交换显示面板，请考虑使用CardLayout来达到此目的。
• 但是，如果您要做的只是更改问题的文本，然后在JLabel中显示问题文本，并且想要更改问题文本，请在JLabel上调用setText（...）传入新问题文本。
• 使用用户友好的布局管理器来简化您在GUI中布置组件的工作。
• 你目前的代码有很多不必要的重复。 ArrayLists等阵列和集合的使用将会删除许多这样的redudancies，并使的调试和升级变得更容易，而则更容易。
• 正如其他人所说的那样，正如我在之前的评论中所述，您应该向上移动到Swing库，因为它比您当前使用的AWT gui库更加灵活和健壮。 Swing教程将向您展示您需要知道如何创建漂亮的Swing程序。

Answer 4

我不知道你在问什么，但如果你想成为一个窗口，里面所有你需要做的是这样的：

public Object[] startNewSurvey() 
    { 
     java.awt.Frame f = new java.awt.Frame("You're title here."); 
     f.setSize(new Dimension(<Width>, <Height>)); 
     f.setResizable(false); 

     survey s = new survey(); 
     s.init(); 
     f.add(s); 

     f.setVisible(true); 
     return new Object[] { f, s }; 
    } 

这只会例如一个全新的框架，并把另一在该框架中的调查课程的新实例，然后显示它。它还返回包含新框架和调查实例的2个大小的Object []数组。希望有所帮助。