`method_missing'：未定义的局部变量或方法'ture'为＃<Class：0x007f9922f68110>（NameError）

Question

Hello guys我正在学习如何使用RSpec测试代码，并且在尝试运行Rspec时遇到此错误。我认为这是对活动记录一个错误，但我搜索google搜索，我没有任何的帮助我这个......所以我的错误是这样的：

$ rspec 
/Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activerecord-4.2.7.1/lib/active_record/dynamic_matchers.rb:26:in `method_missing': undefined local variable or method `ture' for #<Class:0x007f9922f68110> (NameError) 
    from /Users/romenigld/workspace/ebooks/everyday_rails_Testing_with_RSpec/contact_app/app/models/contact.rb:6:in `<class:Contact>' 
    from /Users/romenigld/workspace/ebooks/everyday_rails_Testing_with_RSpec/contact_app/app/models/contact.rb:1:in `<top (required)>' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `block in require' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:360:in `require_or_load' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:494:in `load_missing_constant' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:184:in `const_missing' 
    from /Users/romenigld/workspace/ebooks/everyday_rails_Testing_with_RSpec/contact_app/spec/models/contact_spec.rb:3:in `<top (required)>' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.7.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1105:in `block in load_spec_files' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1105:in `each' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:1105:in `load_spec_files' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:96:in `setup' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:84:in `run' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:69:in `run' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:37:in `invoke' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/gems/rspec-core-3.1.7/exe/rspec:4:in `<top (required)>' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/bin/rspec:22:in `load' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/bin/rspec:22:in `<main>' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval' 
    from /Users/romenigld/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.3.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>' 

我contact_spec.rb

require 'rails_helper' 

describe Contact do 
    it "is valid with a first_name, last_name and email" do 
    contact = Contact.new(
     first_name: 'Aaron', 
     last_name: 'Sumner', 
     email: 'tester@example.com') 
    expect(contact).to be_valid 
    end 

    it "is invalid without a firstname" do 
    contact = Contact.new(first_name: nil) 
    contact.valid? 
    expect(contact.errors[:first_name]).to include("can't be blank") 
    end 

    it "is invalid without a lastname" do 
    contact = Contact.new(last_name: nil) 
    contact.valid? 
    expect(contact.errors[:last_name]).to include("can't be blank") 
    end 

    it "is invalid without an email address" do 

    end 
    it "is invalid with a duplicate email address" do 
    Contact.create(
     first_name: 'Joe', 
     last_name: 'Tester', 
     email: 'tester@example.com' 
    ) 
    contact = Contact.new(
     first_name: 'Jane', 
     last_name: 'Tester', 
     email: 'tester@example.com' 
    ) 
    contact.valid? 
    expect(contact.errors[:email]).to include("has already been taken") 
    end 

    it "returns a contact's full name as a string" do 
    contact = Contact.new(
     first_name: 'John', 
     last_name: 'Doe', 
     email: 'johndoe@example.com') 
    expect(contact.name).to eq 'John Doe' 
    end 

    it "returns a sorted array of results taht match" do 
    smith = Contact.create(
     first_name: 'John', 
     last_name: 'Smith', 
     email: 'jsmith@example.com' 
    ) 
    jones = Contact.create(
     first_name: 'Tim', 
     last_name: 'Jones', 
     email: 'tjones@example.com' 
    ) 
    johnson = Contact.create(
     first_name: 'John', 
     last_name: 'johnson', 
     email: 'jjohnson@example.com' 
    ) 
    expect(Contact.by_letter("J")).to eq [johnson, jones] 
    end 

    it "omits results that do not match" do 
    smith = Contact.create(
     first_name: 'John', 
     last_name: 'Smith', 
     email: 'jsmith@example.com' 
    ) 
    jones = Contact.create(
     first_name: 'Tim', 
     last_name: 'Jones', 
     email: 'tjones@example.com' 
    ) 
    johnson = Contact.create(
     first_name: 'John', 
     last_name: 'Johnson', 
     email: 'jjohnson@example.com' 
    ) 
    expect(Contact.by_letter("J")).not_to include smith 
    end 
end 

我的contact.rb

class Contact < ActiveRecord::Base 
    has_many :phones 
    #accepts_nested_attributes_for :phones 

    validates :first_name, presence: true 
    validates :last_name, presence: ture 
    validates :email, presence: true, uniqueness: true 
    validates :phones, length: { is: 3 } 

    def name 
    [first_name, last_name].join('') 
    end 

    def self.by_letter(letter) 
    where("last_name LIKE ?", "#{letter}%").order(:last_name) 
    end 
end 

如果有人可以帮助我，我会感激！

Answer 1

在你contact.rb你有一个错字

validates :last_name, presence: ture 

应该

validates :last_name, presence: true