如何获得有关Azure VM上DSC执行的反馈？

Question

我刚刚完成了使用DSC将我们的产品发布到Azure虚拟机的初始测试阶段，特别是the commands described in this article（它们是Azure PowerShell SDK的一部分）。

我可以使用PowerShell推送DSC配置，但由于此过程是自动化的，我想获得有关配置过程如何进展的反馈。当我打电话给Update-AzureVM时，我觉得没问题，但DSC配置是在异步后发生的，除非我登录机器（或look at the updated Azure Portal which now shows this），否则我不知道如何进行。

如果配置失败，我想让我的自动过程失败。如何从脚本中检查配置的状态并正常检测成功或失败？

Answer 1

我们增加了一个新的cmdlet的获取，AzureVMDscExtensionStatus获得运行DSC配置

本文介绍了相同的http://blogs.msdn.com/b/powershell/archive/2015/02/27/introducing-get-azurevmdscextensionstatus-cmdlet-for-azure-powershell-dsc-extension.aspx

Answer 2

有几种方法可以做到这一点。您可以调用基于REST的API，如我在最近的帖子here中所述。

你也可以使用Get-AzureVM钻入值（就像解析REST响应），像这样：

（（Get-AzureVM -ServiceName "" -Name "").ResourceExtensionStatusList | Where-Object { $_.HandlerName -eq 'Microsoft.PowerShell.DSC' }).ExtensionSettingStatus.Status

Answer 3

基于@大卫的建议，我结束了创建一个轮询函数来检测状态变化并返回到我的主脚本

首先，我需要找到什么终止状态代码在哪里（我需要完成我的循环，只要我检测到一个成功的DSC操作或如果有任何错误发生）

我在虚拟机中的DSC扩展使用的文件中查找了可能的状态代码并根据此条件进行了查找。可以在任何安装了DSC扩展的虚拟机中找到状态代码C:\Packages\Plugins\Microsoft.Powershell.DSC\1.4.0.0\bin\DscExtensionStatus.psm1。下面是状态码为的DSC扩展的版本1.4.0.0：

$DSC_Status = @{ 
    Initializing = @{ 
     Code = 1 
     Message = "Initializing DSC extension." 
    } 
    Completed = @{ 
     Code = 2 
     Message = "DSC configuration was applied successfully." 
    } 
    Enabled = @{ 
     Code = 3 
     Message = "PowerShell DSC has been enabled." 
    } 
    RebootingInstall = @{ 
     Code = 4 
     Message = "Rebooting VM to complete installation." 
    } 
    RebootingDsc = @{ 
     Code = 5 
     Message = "Rebooting VM to apply DSC configuration." 
    } 
    Applying = @{ 
     Code = 6 
     Message = "Applying DSC configuration to VM." 
    } 

    # 
    # Errors 
    # 
    GenericError = 100; # The message for this error is provided by the specific exception 

    InstallError = @{ 
     Code = 101 
     Message = "The DSC Extension was not installed correctly, please check the logs on the VM." 
    } 
    WtrInstallError = @{ 
     Code = 102 
     Message = "WTR was not installed correctly, please check the logs on the VM." 
    } 
} 

在功能的逻辑是有些令人费解，因为状态的变化是持久性的，即它们不是从单一DSC的操作，但是从整个扩展本身。因此，我需要先选择状态然后尝试查找更新。我正在使用timestamp字段来检测新状态。下面是代码：

function Wait-AzureDSCExtensionJob 
{ 
    [CmdletBinding()] 
    Param(
     [Parameter(Mandatory)] 
     [string] $ServiceName, 

     [int] $RefreshIntervalSeconds = 15 
    ) 

    Begin 
    { 
     $statusFormat = ` 
      @{Label = 'Timestamp'; Expression = {$_.TimestampUtc}}, 
      @{Label = 'Status'; Expression = {"$($_.Code) - $($_.Status)"}}, ` 
      @{Label = 'Message'; Expression = {$_.FormattedMessage.Message}} 

     Write-Verbose 'Getting starting point status...' 
     $previousStatus = Get-AzureDscStatus -ServiceName:$ServiceName 
     Write-Verbose "Status obtained: $($previousStatus | Format-List $statusFormat | Out-String)" 
     Write-Verbose 'This status will be used as the starting point for discovering new updates.' 
    } 
    Process 
    { 
     do 
     { 
      Write-Verbose "Waiting for the next check cycle. $RefreshIntervalSeconds seconds left..." 
      Start-Sleep -Seconds:$RefreshIntervalSeconds 

      $currentStatus = Get-AzureDscStatus -ServiceName:$ServiceName 
      if ($previousStatus.TimestampUtc -eq $currentStatus.TimestampUtc) 
      { 
       Write-Verbose 'Status has not changed since the last check.' 
       $statusUpdated = $false 
      } 
      else 
      { 
       Write-Verbose "Status updated: $($currentStatus | Format-List $statusFormat | Out-String)" 
       $previousStatus = $currentStatus 
       $statusUpdated = $true 
      } 

      # Script with default message codes for the DSC Extension: 
      # On Target VM: "C:\Packages\Plugins\Microsoft.Powershell.DSC\1.4.0.0\bin\DscExtensionStatus.psm1" 
     } until ($statusUpdated -and (($currentStatus.Code -eq 2) -or ($currentStatus.Code -ge 100))) 
    } 
    End 
    { 
     switch ($currentStatus.Code) 
     { 
      2 {Write-Verbose 'Configuration finished successfully.'; break} 
      default {throw "Configuration failed: $($currentStatus.Status)"} 
     } 
    } 
} 

function Get-AzureDscStatus 
{ 
    [CmdletBinding()] 
    Param(
     [Parameter(Mandatory)] 
     [string] $ServiceName 
    ) 

    Begin 
    { 
     $vm = Get-AzureVM -ServiceName:$ServiceName 
     $dscExtensionStatus = $vm.ResourceExtensionStatusList | where { $_.HandlerName -eq 'Microsoft.PowerShell.DSC' } 
     if (-not $dscExtensionStatus) 
     { 
      throw 'Could not find the PowerShell DSC Extension on the VM' 
     } 

     $dscExtensionStatus.ExtensionSettingStatus 
    } 
} 

我不是在PowerShell中很精通呢，所以这可能会看起来有点更好，更容易阅读。尽管如此，我希望它能适用于和我一样的人。

更新28/11/2014：

微软已经更新了DSC扩展1.5.0.0版本和我分手的功能，如何很好的人。我的意思是......这不是因为如果改变响应代码是一个重大更改或类似的东西;）

这里有新的状态代码：

$DSC_Status = @{ 
    Success = @{ 
     Code = 1 
     Message = 'DSC configuration was applied successfully.' 
    } 
    Initializing = @{ 
     Code = 2 
     Message = 'Initializing DSC extension.' 
    } 
    Enabled = @{ 
     Code = 3 
     Message = 'PowerShell DSC has been enabled.' 
    } 
    RebootingInstall = @{ 
     Code = 4 
     Message = 'Rebooting VM to complete installation.' 
    } 
    RebootingDsc = @{ 
     Code = 5 
     Message = 'Rebooting VM to apply DSC configuration.' 
    } 
    Applying = @{ 
     Code = 6 
     Message = 'Applying DSC configuration to VM.' 
    } 

    # 
    # Errors 
    # 
    GenericError = 1000 # The message for this error is provided by the specific exception 

    InstallError = @{ 
     Code = 1001 
     Message = 'The DSC Extension was not installed correctly, please check the logs on the VM.' 
    } 
    WtrInstallError = @{ 
     Code = 1002 
     Message = 'WTR was not installed correctly, please check the logs on the VM.' 
    } 
    OsVersionNotSupported = @{ 
     Code = 1003 
     Message = 'The current OS version is not supported. The DSC Extension requires Windows Server 2012 or 2012 R2, or Windows 8.1.' 
    } 
} 

出于某种原因，他们交换了代码和现在1是成功的，而错误从100上升到1000（他们肯定预计会出现很多错误）。