bash：搜索并替换.txt文件中的密码

Question

我想弄清楚如何搜索和替换.txt文件中特定行和特定列上的密码。这是什么样子：

Admin1 Pass1 1 
Admin2 Pass2 1 
User1 Upass1 0 
User2 Upass2 0 

---

这里是我的代码：

while (true) 
do 
read -p 'Whose password would you like to change? Enter the corresponding user name.' readUser 
userCheck=$(grep $readUser users.txt) 

if [ "$userCheck" ] 
then 
    echo $userCheck > temp2.txt 

    read -p 'Enter the old password' oldPass 
     passCheck=$(awk '{print$2}' temp2.txt) 

    if [ "$passCheck" == "$oldPass" ] 
    then 

     read -p 'Enter the new password' newPass     
     sed -i "/^$readUser/ s/$oldPass/$newPass/" users.txt 
     break 
    else 
     echo 'The username and/or password do not match. Please try again.' 
    fi 
else 
    echo 'The username and/or password do not match. Please try again.' 
fi 
done 

假设用户1的密码被与测试所取代，这就是结果：

Admin1 Pass1 1 Admin2 Pass2 1 User1 TESTING 0 User2 Upass2 0 

我需要的是：

Admin1 Pass1 1 
Admin2 Pass2 1 
User1 TESTING 0 
User2 Upass2 0 

Answer 1

你原来的脚本几乎可以工作，只缺少正确的引用。你可以写下：echo "$updatePass" > data用双引号保留换行符。有关报价的更多信息here

但是，您的脚本还有改进的空间。你可以这样写：

#!/bin/bash 

while (true) 
do 
    read -p 'Whose password would you like to change?' readUser 

    # no need for a temporary variable here 
    if [ "$(awk -v a="$readUser" '$1==a{print $1}' users.txt)" ] 
    then 
     read -p 'Enter the old password' oldPass 
     # the awk code checks if the $oldPass matches the recorded password 
     if [ "$oldPass" == "$(awk -v a="$readUser" '$1==a{print $2}' users.txt)" ] 
     then 
      read -p 'Enter the new password' newPass 
      # the -i flag for sed allows in-place substitution 
      # we look for the line begining by $readUser, in case several users have the same password 
      sed -i "/^$readUser/ s/$oldPass/$newPass/" users.txt 
      break 
     else 
      echo 'The username and/or password do not match. Please try again.' 
     fi 
    else 
     echo 'The username and/or password do not match. Please try again.' 
    fi 
done