你可以请尝试以下方案：
创建tblCat。
创建tblCatDataNew从最初的设计以下不同之处：
逆透视tblCatData和结果插入tblCatDataNew（该值到Data和列名，如类别名称，到临时列）。
从tblCatDataNew中选择所有不同的类别名称并将它们插入tblCat。 （这将产生它们的关键值。）
更新tblCatDataNew中的外键从tblCat，按类别名称连接两个表。
将临时列从tblCatDataNew中删除。
设置为tblCatDataNew.FK_CatID为NOT NULL（也就是说，如果你想这样做）。
这里就是整个测试脚本，包括创建原始表的（如果有人想尝试一下）：
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
/* prepare the original table, for tests */
WITH data (
Primaykey, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M
) AS (
SELECT 1 , 1, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 , 1, 2, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 5, 3, 1, 1, 5, 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 , 5, 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 3, 1, 1, 1, 4
)
SELECT * INTO tblCatData FROM data;
GO
/* Step 1 */
CREATE TABLE tblCat (
PrimaryKey int IDENTITY CONSTRAINT PK_tblCat PRIMARY KEY,
Category varchar(50) NOT NULL
);
GO
/* Step 2 */
CREATE TABLE tblCatDataNew (
PrimaryKey int IDENTITY CONSTRAINT PK_tblCatDataNew PRIMARY KEY,
FK_CatID int NULL CONSTRAINT FK_tblCatDataNew_tblCat FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES tblCat (PrimaryKey),
Data int,
Category varchar(50)
);
GO
/* Step 3 */
INSERT INTO tblCatDataNew (
Data,
Category
)
SELECT
Data,
Category
FROM tblCatData
UNPIVOT (
Data for Category IN (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M)
) u
ORDER BY
Category,
Primaykey;
GO
/* Step 4 */
INSERT INTO tblCat (Category)
SELECT DISTINCT Category
FROM tblCatDataNew
GO
/* Step 5 */
UPDATE tblCatDataNew
SET FK_CatID = c.PrimaryKey
FROM tblCat c
WHERE tblCatDataNew.Category = c.Category
GO
/* Step 6 */
ALTER TABLE tblCatDataNew
DROP COLUMN Category
GO
/* Step 7 */
ALTER TABLE tblCatDataNew
ALTER COLUMN FK_CatID int NOT NULL
GO
/* view the results */
SELECT * FROM tblCat
SELECT * FROM tblCatDataNew
GO
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
注意，UNPIVOT子句中的SQL Server支持从开始2005版。在早期版本中，您必须使用不同的方法来反转数据（步骤3），例如像这样：
INSERT INTO tblCatDataNew (
Data,
Category
)
SELECT
Data = CASE x.CatNum
WHEN 1 THEN A
WHEN 2 THEN B
WHEN 3 THEN C
WHEN 4 THEN D
WHEN 5 THEN E
WHEN 6 THEN F
WHEN 7 THEN G
WHEN 8 THEN H
WHEN 9 THEN I
WHEN 10 THEN J
WHEN 11 THEN K
WHEN 12 THEN L
WHEN 13 THEN M
END,
Category = CASE x.CatNum
WHEN 1 THEN 'A'
WHEN 2 THEN 'B'
WHEN 3 THEN 'C'
WHEN 4 THEN 'D'
WHEN 5 THEN 'E'
WHEN 6 THEN 'F'
WHEN 7 THEN 'G'
WHEN 8 THEN 'H'
WHEN 9 THEN 'I'
WHEN 10 THEN 'J'
WHEN 11 THEN 'K'
WHEN 12 THEN 'L'
WHEN 13 THEN 'M'
END
FROM tblCatData
CROSS JOIN (
SELECT 1 UNION ALL
SELECT 2 UNION ALL
SELECT 3 UNION ALL
SELECT 4 UNION ALL
SELECT 5 UNION ALL
SELECT 6 UNION ALL
SELECT 7 UNION ALL
SELECT 8 UNION ALL
SELECT 9 UNION ALL
SELECT 10 UNION ALL
SELECT 11 UNION ALL
SELECT 12 UNION ALL
SELECT 13
) x (CatNum)
ORDER BY
Category,
Primaykey;
，甚至是这样的：
INSERT INTO tblCatDataNew (
Data,
Category
)
SELECT
Data = CASE x.CatNum
WHEN 1 THEN A
WHEN 2 THEN B
WHEN 3 THEN C
WHEN 4 THEN D
WHEN 5 THEN E
WHEN 6 THEN F
WHEN 7 THEN G
WHEN 8 THEN H
WHEN 9 THEN I
WHEN 10 THEN J
WHEN 11 THEN K
WHEN 12 THEN L
WHEN 13 THEN M
END,
Category = x.CatName
FROM tblCatData
CROSS JOIN (
SELECT 1, 'A' UNION ALL
SELECT 2, 'B' UNION ALL
SELECT 3, 'C' UNION ALL
SELECT 4, 'D' UNION ALL
SELECT 5, 'E' UNION ALL
SELECT 6, 'F' UNION ALL
SELECT 7, 'G' UNION ALL
SELECT 8, 'H' UNION ALL
SELECT 9, 'I' UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 'J' UNION ALL
SELECT 11, 'K' UNION ALL
SELECT 12, 'L' UNION ALL
SELECT 13, 'M'
) x (CatNum, CatName)
ORDER BY
Category,
Primaykey;
下面是结果，上面的脚本我制作：
tblCat：
PrimaryKey Category
----------- --------------------------------------------------
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
5 E
6 F
7 G
8 H
9 I
10 J
11 K
12 L
13 M
tblCatDataNew：
PrimaryKey FK_CatID Data
----------- ----------- -----------
1 1 1
2 1 1
3 1 5
4 2 2
5 2 2
6 2 2
7 3 3
8 3 5
9 3 3
10 4 5
11 4 5
12 4 5
13 5 5
14 5 5
15 5 5
16 6 5
17 6 5
18 6 5
19 7 3
20 7 3
21 7 5
22 8 3
23 8 5
24 8 3
25 9 3
26 9 3
27 9 3
28 10 1
29 10 1
30 10 1
31 11 4
32 11 1
33 11 1
34 12 1
35 12 5
36 12 1
37 13 1
38 13 1
39 13 4