解释LSTM tensorflow中的损失

Question

我正在使用PTB数据集来预测下一个单词。
我的代码：pastebin link。

模型（Batch_input）的输入是词汇大小为10000的单词。所有输出（Batch_labels）都是单热编码的，因为您可以在下面的输出代码部分看到示例。

以下是训练LSTM模型后的输出。输入：pastebin link。

以下是输出的一些部分：

Initialized 
('Loss :', 9.2027139663696289) 
('Batch_input :', array([9971, 9972, 9974, 9975, 9976, 9980, 9981, 9982, 9983, 9984, 9986, 
     9987, 9988, 9989, 9991, 9992, 9993, 9994, 9995, 9996, 9997, 9998, 
     9999, 2, 9256, 1, 3, 72, 393, 33, 2133, 0, 146, 
     19, 6, 9207, 276, 407, 3, 2, 23, 1, 13, 141, 
      4, 1, 5465, 0, 3081, 1596, 96, 2, 7682, 1, 3, 
     72, 393, 8, 337, 141, 4, 2477, 657, 2170], dtype=int32)) 
('Batch_labels :', array([[ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     ..., 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)) 
Average loss at step 0: 0.092027 learning rate: 1.000000 
('Label: ', array([[ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     ..., 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)) 
('Predicted:', array([[-0.36508381, -0.25612 , -0.26035795, ..., -0.42688274, 
     -0.4078168 , -0.36345699], 
     [-0.46035308, -0.27282876, -0.34078932, ..., -0.50623679, 
     -0.47014061, -0.43237451], 
     [-0.14694197, -0.07506246, -0.10392818, ..., -0.1128526 , 
     -0.12404554, -0.13495158], 
     ..., 
     [-0.07286638, -0.04560997, -0.05932444, ..., -0.08352474, 
     -0.07679331, -0.07829094], 
     [-0.13576414, -0.07057529, -0.1017022 , ..., -0.11192483, 
     -0.14713599, -0.11757012], 
     [-0.05446544, -0.02738103, -0.03401792, ..., -0.05073205, 
     -0.03746928, -0.05750648]], dtype=float32)) 
================================================================================ 
[[ 0. 0. 0. ..., 0. 0. 0.]] 
8605 
('f', u'altman') 
('as', u'altman') 
('feed', array([8605])) 
('Sentence :', u'altman rake years regatta memotec pierre <unk> nonexecutive as will <eos> ssangyong director nahb group the cluett rubens snack-food fromstein calloway and memotec a board years regatta publishing fields rake group group rake cluett ssangyong pierre calloway memotec gitano gold rubens as as director sim is publishing gitano punts join <unk> and a old punts years memotec a rake is guterman cluett ssangyong will berlitz nahb <eos> of group join <unk> board join and pierre consolidated board cluett dutch gold as ipo ssangyong guterman a kia will dutch and director centrust consolidated rudolph guterman guterman cluett years n.v. old board rubens ') 
================================================================================ 
('Loss :', 496.78199882507323) 
('Batch_input :', array([4115, 5, 14, 45, 55, 3, 72, 195, 1244, 220, 2, 
      0, 3150, 7426, 1, 13, 4052, 1, 496, 14, 6885, 0, 
      1, 22, 113, 2652, 8068, 5, 14, 2474, 5250, 10, 464, 
     52, 3004, 466, 1244, 15, 2, 1, 80, 0, 167, 4, 
     35, 2645, 1, 65, 10, 558, 6092, 3574, 1898, 666, 1, 
      7, 27, 1, 4241, 6036, 7, 3, 2, 366], dtype=int32)) 
('Batch_labels :', array([[ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     ..., 
     [ 0., 0., 1., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)) 
Average loss at step 100: 4.967820 learning rate: 1.000000 
('Label: ', array([[ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     ..., 
     [ 0., 0., 1., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.], 
     [ 0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)) 
('Predicted:', array([[ 4.41551352e+00, 9.98007679e+00, 1.75690575e+01, ..., 
      6.83443546e+00, -2.30797195e+00, 1.73750782e+00], 
     [ 1.26826172e+01, 5.96618652e-03, 1.18247871e+01, ..., 
     -3.70885038e+00, -8.55356884e+00, -9.16959190e+00], 
     [ 1.44652233e+01, 5.12977028e+00, 9.42045784e+00, ..., 
      1.39444172e+00, 1.95213389e+00, -4.00810099e+00], 
     ..., 
     [ 2.93052626e+00, 9.41266441e+00, 1.79130135e+01, ..., 
      4.24245834e+00, -1.46551771e+01, -3.35697136e+01], 
     [ 2.48945675e+01, 2.32091904e+01, 2.47276134e+01, ..., 
     -6.39845896e+00, -2.66628218e+00, -4.59843445e+00], 
     [ 1.34414902e+01, 4.80197811e+00, 1.89214745e+01, ..., 
     -5.91268682e+00, -8.80736637e+00, -6.49542713e+00]], dtype=float32)) 
================================================================================ 
[[ 0. 0. 0. ..., 0. 0. 0.]] 
3619 
('f', u'officially') 
('as', u'officially') 
('feed', array([3619])) 
('Sentence :', u'officially <unk> to <eos> filters ago cigarettes is that cigarette stopped to <eos> researchers <unk> to <eos> filters ago cigarettes asbestos the filters ago cigarettes asbestos the filters ago cigarettes is that cigarette up the <eos> researchers to <eos> researchers <unk> to <eos> filters ago cigarettes asbestos the filters ago cigarettes asbestos <eos> filters ago cigarettes asbestos the filters ago cigarettes is that cigarette up the <eos> researchers <unk> to <eos> researchers <unk> to <eos> filters ago cigarettes asbestos of percentage years the the the <eos> researchers <unk> to <eos> filters ago cigarettes asbestos the filters ago cigarettes asbestos the filters ') 
================================================================================ 

初始损失是0.92，其预测文本作为given.The下损耗大约4.57，在100步骤。但作为number of step increases loss increases这是异常（对吧？）。
并且还输出'among' repeats at step 500中的下一个预测字。
培训中是否有错误？
这是我得到的新产出：pastebin link。

Answer 1

我不是100％地肯定在你的代码的问题，但我注意到，你开始学习率在1

learning_rate = tf.train.exponential_decay(1.0, global_step, 5000, 0.1, staircase=True)

尽量挑选较低的初始值。

高学习率会导致模型权重长时间跳跃，因此可能会错过最小值，甚至可能达到损失更高的点（可能是您的情况）。它就像超级跳过一个山谷从一边到另一边，而不是往下走。

参考用于图像：http://cs231n.github.io/neural-networks-3/

从1E-2降低学习率至1e-4在不同的模型解决类似的问题。您的模型可能以不同的学习速率工作。