在“if .... in ..”语句中使用通配符

Question

我试图在目录中找到使用的文件名有时只是完整文件名的一部分的文件。

所以

check_meta=os.listdir(currentPath) 

给

['ANZMeta.xsl', 'Benefited_Areas', 'divisons', 'emergency', 'Error_LOG.txt', 'hex.dbf', 'hex.shp', 'hex.shp_BaseMetadata.xml', 'hex.shx', 'Maintenance_Areas', 'Rates.mxd', 'Regulated_Parking', 'schema.ini', 'Service_Areas', 'Shortcut to Local_Govt.lnk', 'TAB', 'TRC.rar', 'trc_boundary.dbf', 'trc_boundary.kml', 'trc_boundary.prj', 'trc_boundary.sbn', 'trc_boundary.sbx', 'trc_boundary.shp', 'trc_boundary.shp.ATGIS29.1772.3444.sr.lock', 'trc_boundary.shp.ATGIS30.2668.2356.sr.lock', 'trc_boundary.shp.xml', 'trc_boundary.shx', 'trc_boundary_Metadata.xml.auto', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.dbf', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.prj', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.sbn', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.sbx', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.shp', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.shp.ATGIS29.1772.3444.sr.lock', 'trc_boundary_Polygon.shx', 'trc_boundary_polygon.xml', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.dbf', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.prj', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.shp', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.shp.xml', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_region.shx', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.dbf', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc. prj', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.sbn', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.sbx', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shp', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shp.xml', 'Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shx']

我想

existingXML=FileNm[:FileNm.find('.')] 
if existingXML+"*"+'.xml' in check_meta: # this is where the issue is 
    print "exists" 

所以有时候使用XML是Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.shp.xml和别人是Urbanlevy_bdy_trc.xml （无论哪个存在 - 请注意，不是简单地将“.shp.xml”使用OR函数，因为存在多个文件扩展名l数据集将具有的ike标签，ecw等）。此外，有时相关的xml文件可能会被称为Urbanlevy_bdy_trc_Metadata.shp.xml，因此关键仅在于搜索扩展名为.xml的核心文件名“Urbanlevy_bdy_trc”。

我该如何指定？这样做的目的是Search and replace multiple lines in xml/text files using python

完整的代码中提到

import os, xml, arcpy, shutil, datetime 
from xml.etree import ElementTree as et 

path=os.getcwd() 
RootDirectory=path 
arcpy.env.workspace = path 
Count=0 

Generated_XMLs=RootDirectory+'\GeneratedXML_LOG.txt' 
f = open(Generated_XMLs, 'a') 
f.write("Log of Metadata Creation Process - Update: "+str(datetime.datetime.now())+"\n") 
f.close() 

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(RootDirectory, topdown=False): 
    #print root, dirs 
    for directory in dirs: 
     currentPath=os.path.join(root,directory) 
     os.chdir(currentPath) 
     arcpy.env.workspace = currentPath 
     print currentPath 
#def Create_xml(currentPath): 

     FileList = arcpy.ListFeatureClasses() 
     zone="_Zone" 

     for File in FileList: 
      Count+=1 
      FileDesc_obj = arcpy.Describe(File) 
      FileNm=FileDesc_obj.file 
      print FileNm 

      check_meta=os.listdir(currentPath) 
      existingXML=FileNm[:FileNm.find('.')] 
      print "XML: "+existingXML 
      print check_meta 
      #if existingXML+'.xml' in check_meta: 
      if any(f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml') for f in check_meta): 
       print "exists" 
       newMetaFile=FileNm+"_2012Metadata.xml" 
       shutil.copy2(FileNm+'.xml', newMetaFile) 
      else: 
       print "Does not exist" 
       newMetaFile=FileNm+"_BaseMetadata.xml" 
       shutil.copy2('L:\Data_Admin\QA\Metadata_python_toolset\Master_Metadata.xml', newMetaFile) 
      tree=et.parse(newMetaFile) 

      print "Processing: "+str(File) 

      for node in tree.findall('.//title'): 
       node.text = str(FileNm) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//northbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.YMax) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//southbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.YMin) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//westbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.XMin) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//eastbc'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extent.XMax)   
      for node in tree.findall('.//native/nondig/formname'): 
       node.text = str(os.getcwd()+"\\"+File) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//native/digform/formname'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.featureType) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//avlform/nondig/formname'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.extension) 
      for node in tree.findall('.//avlform/digform/formname'): 
       node.text = str(float(os.path.getsize(File))/int(1024))+" KB" 
      for node in tree.findall('.//theme'): 
       node.text = str(FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.name +" ; EPSG: "+str(FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.factoryCode)) 
      print node.text 
      projection_info=[] 
      Zone=FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.name 

      if "GCS" in str(FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.name): 
       projection_info=[FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.GCSName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.angularUnitName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.datumName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.spheroidName] 
       print "Geographic Coordinate system" 
      else: 
       projection_info=[FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.datumName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.spheroidName, FileDesc_obj.spatialReference.angularUnitName, Zone[Zone.rfind(zone)-3:]] 
       print "Projected Coordinate system" 
      x=0 
      for node in tree.findall('.//spdom'): 
       for node2 in node.findall('.//keyword'): 
        print node2.text 
        node2.text = str(projection_info[x]) 
        print node2.text 
        x=x+1 


      tree.write(newMetaFile) 

      f = open(Generated_XMLs, 'a') 
      f.write(str(Count)+": "+File+"; "+newMetaFile+"; "+currentPath+"\n") 
      f.close() 



    #  Create_xml(currentPath) 

结果

Answer 1

尝试以下操作：

if any(f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml') for f in check_meta): 
    print "exists" 

的any()内置函数接受一个迭代器作为参数，如果任何元素是真实的返回true。我们传递的参数是一个生成器表达式，它将为列表check_meta中的每个文件f生成值f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml')。

一个正则表达式的解决方案可能是这个样子：

regex = re.compile(re.escape(existingXML) + '.*\.xml$') 
if any(regex.match(f) for f in check_meta): 
    print "exists" 

如果您需要知道哪些条目实际上相匹配，使用for循环，而不是：

for f in check_meta: 
    if f.startswith(existingXML) and f.endswith('.xml'): 
     print "exists, file name:", f 

Answer 2

为什么不直接使用：

searchtext = "sometext" 
matching = [ f for f in os.listdir(currentPath) if f.startswith(searchtext) and ".xml" in f] 

如果你想检查不同的一些推广，你可以列出他们出。

exts = (".xml", ".tab", ".shp") 
matching = [ f for f in os.listdir(currentPath) if f.startswith(searchtext) and os.path.splitext(f)[-1] in exts] 

当然，你可以找出正则表达式来做同样的事情。

Answer 3

import fnmatch, posixpath 

existingXML = posixpath.splitext(FileNm)[-1] 
matchingFiles = fnmatch.filter(check_meta, existingXML + "*" + ".xml") 

if not matchingFiles: 
    raise IOError("no matching XML files") 
elif len(matchingFiles) > 1: 
    print "more than one matching file, using first" 
    matchingFile = matchingFiles[0] 
else: # only one was found, just use it 
    matchingFile = matchingFiles[0]