简化PS命令：Get-Service |其中{（$ _状态-eq “停止”。） - OR（$ _状态-eq “运行”。）}

Question

什么是语法包括在当量命令几个值：

这工作，但我认为有一种方法来节省一些打字：

Get-Service | where {($_.Status -eq "Stopped") -OR ($_.Status -eq "Running")} 

思码应该看起来像，但我不记得确切的语法：

Get-Service | where {($_.Status -eq "Stopped"|"Running"|"...")} 

Answer 1

您可以使用-contains和gsv别名：

gsv | where-object {@("Stopped","Running") -contains $_.Status} 

编辑：您还可以使用-match操作：

gsv | where-object {$_.Status -match "Stopped|Running"} 

2.EDIT：较短的版本，W /特别感谢@Joey：

gsv | ? {$_.Status -match "Stopped|Running"} 

Answer 2

基于正则表达式组的匹配总是最短和最安全的方式。你也可以使用互补：

gsv | ? {$_.status -notmatch "Paused|Running_Pending|Pause_Pending|Stop_Pending|Continue_Pending"} 

在这种情况下，它不是最短的，显然;但有时它是！

Answer 3

正如@OcasoProtal所述，您可以使用-contains或-notcontains运算符比较一组有效状态与目标状态。

鉴于现状是基于枚举类型还可以使用的是（即相对于使用的字符串比较）。这增加了额外的验证（即，没有手动指定ValidateSet），并允许拉值的列表从枚举（例如，如示于我的示例代码，其中被指定Not下面

clear-host 
[string]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME 
[string]$ServiceName = "MSSQLSERVER" 


function Wait-ServiceStatus { 
    [CmdletBinding()] 
    param 
    (
     [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] 
     [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] 
     [string]$ServiceName 
     , 
     [Parameter()] 
     [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] 
     [string]$ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME 
     , 
     [switch]$Not 
     , 
     [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)] 
     [System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus]$TartgetStatus 
    ) 
    begin { 
     [System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus[]]$TargetStatuses = @($TartgetStatus) 
     if ($Not.IsPresent) { 

      #EXAMPLE: Build your comparison array direct from the ENUM 
      $TargetStatuses = [Enum]::GetValues([System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus]) | ?{$_ -ne $TartgetStatus} 

     } 
    } 
    process { 

     #EXAMPLE: Compare status against an array of statuses 
     while ($TargetStatuses -notcontains (Get-Service -ComputerName $ComputerName -Name $ServiceName | Select -Expand Status)) { 

      write-host "." -NoNewline -ForegroundColor Red 
      start-sleep -seconds 1 
     } 
     write-host "" 
     #this is a demo of array of statuses, so won't bother adding code for timeouts/etc 
    } 
} 
function Write-InfoToHost ($text) {write-host $text -ForegroundColor cyan} #quick thing to make our status updates distinct from function call output 

Write-InfoToHost "Report Current Service Status" 
get-service -Name $ServiceName -Computer $ComputerName | Select -ExpandProperty Status 
Write-InfoToHost ("Stop Service at {0:HH:mm:ss}" -f (get-date)) 
(Get-WmiObject Win32_Service -Filter "name='$ServiceName'" -Computer $ComputerName).StopService() | out-null #use WMI to prevent waiting 
Write-InfoToHost ("Invoked Stop Service at {0:HH:mm:ss}" -f (get-date)) 
Wait-ServiceStatus -ServiceName $ServiceName -TartgetStatus Stopped 
Write-InfoToHost ("Stop Service Completed at {0:HH:mm:ss}" -f (get-date)) 

Write-InfoToHost "Report Current Service Status" 
get-service -Name $ServiceName -Computer $ComputerName | Select -ExpandProperty Status 

Write-InfoToHost ("Start Service at {0:HH:mm:ss}" -f (get-date)) 
(Get-WmiObject Win32_Service -Filter "name='$ServiceName'" -Computer $ComputerName).StartService() | out-null #use WMI to prevent waiting 
Write-InfoToHost ("Invoked Start Service at {0:HH:mm:ss}" -f (get-date)) 
Wait-ServiceStatus -ServiceName $ServiceName -Not -TartgetStatus Stopped 
Write-InfoToHost ("Service Not Stopped at {0:HH:mm:ss}" -f (get-date)) 
Wait-ServiceStatus -ServiceName $ServiceName -Not -TartgetStatus StartPending 
Write-InfoToHost ("Service Not Start-Pending at {0:HH:mm:ss}" -f (get-date)) 
Write-InfoToHost "Report Current Service Status" 
get-service -Name $ServiceName -Computer $ComputerName | Select -ExpandProperty Status 

样本输出：

Report Current Service Status 
Running 
Stop Service at 12:04:49 
Invoked Stop Service at 12:04:50 
. 
Stop Service Completed at 12:04:51 
Report Current Service Status 
Stopped 
Start Service at 12:04:51 
Invoked Start Service at 12:04:52 

Service Not Stopped at 12:04:52 
.. 
Service Not Start-Pending at 12:04:54 
Report Current Service Status 
Running 

使用这样的事情你也可以很容易地得到挂起或“稳定状态”的状态：

function PendingDemo([bool]$Pending) { 
    write-host "Pending is $Pending" -ForegroundColor cyan 
    [Enum]::GetValues([System.ServiceProcess.ServiceControllerStatus]) | ?{($_ -notlike "*Pending") -xor $Pending} 
} 

PendingDemo $true 
"" 
PendingDemo $false 

样本输出：

Pending is True 
StartPending 
StopPending 
ContinuePending 
PausePending 

Pending is False 
Stopped 
Running 
Paused