无法创建C++ ruby​​扩展

Question

我在创建Ruby扩展以导出C++库时遇到问题，我在OSX下写入了ruby。这个简单的例子：

#include <boost/regex.hpp> 

extern "C" void Init_bayeux() 
{ 
    boost::regex expression("^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?"); 
} 

导致bad_cast异常被抛出：

#0 0x00000001014663bd in __cxa_throw() 
#1 0x00000001014cf6b2 in __cxa_bad_cast() 
#2 0x00000001014986f9 in std::use_facet<std::collate<char> >() 
#3 0x0000000101135a4f in boost::re_detail::cpp_regex_traits_base<char>::imbue (this=0x7fff5fbfe4d0, l=@0x7fff5fbfe520) at cpp_regex_traits.hpp:218 
#4 0x0000000101138d42 in cpp_regex_traits_base (this=0x7fff5fbfe4d0, l=@0x7fff5fbfe520) at cpp_regex_traits.hpp:173 
#5 0x000000010113eda6 in boost::re_detail::create_cpp_regex_traits<char> (l=@0x7fff5fbfe520) at cpp_regex_traits.hpp:859 
#6 0x0000000101149bee in cpp_regex_traits (this=0x101600200) at cpp_regex_traits.hpp:880 
#7 0x0000000101142758 in regex_traits (this=0x101600200) at regex_traits.hpp:75 
#8 0x000000010113d68c in regex_traits_wrapper (this=0x101600200) at regex_traits.hpp:169 
#9 0x000000010113bae1 in regex_data (this=0x101600060) at basic_regex.hpp:166 
#10 0x000000010113981e in basic_regex_implementation (this=0x101600060) at basic_regex.hpp:202 
#11 0x0000000101136e1a in boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::do_assign (this=0x7fff5fbfe710, p1=0x100540ae0 "^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?", p2=0x100540b19 "", f=0) at basic_regex.hpp:652 
#12 0x0000000100540a66 in boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::assign (this=0x7fff5fbfe710, p1=0x100540ae0 "^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?", p2=0x100540b19 "", f=0) at basic_regex.hpp:379 
#13 0x0000000100540a13 in boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::assign (this=0x7fff5fbfe710, p=0x100540ae0 "^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?", f=0) at basic_regex.hpp:364 
#14 0x000000010054096e in basic_regex (this=0x7fff5fbfe710, p=0x100540ae0 "^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?", f=0) at basic_regex.hpp:333 
#15 0x00000001005407e2 in Init_bayeux() at bayeux.cpp:10 
#16 0x0000000100004593 in dln_load (file=0x1008bc000 "/Users/todi/sioux/lib/debug/rack/bayeux.bundle") at dln.c:1293 

我编译带有扩展名：

g++ ./source/rack/bayeux.cpp -o /Users/todi/sioux/obj/debug/rack/bayeux.o -Wall -pedantic -Wno-parentheses -Wno-sign-compare -fno-common -c -pipe -I/Users/todi/sioux/source -ggdb -O0 

最后又用链接的动态库：

g++ -o /Users/todi/sioux/lib/debug/rack/bayeux.bundle -bundle -ggdb /Users/todi/sioux/obj/debug/rack/bayeux.o -L/Users/todi/sioux/lib/debug -lrack -lboost_regex-mt-d -lruby 

我有s吸引了网络并尝试了各种链接和编译器开关。如果我构建可执行文件，则不存在这样的问题。其他人是否有这样的问题并找到解决方案？

我进一步研究这一点，并发现导致异常的功能如下：

std::locale loc = std::locale("C"); 
std::use_facet< std::collate<char> >(loc); 

性病源::整理<>我找到了扔statment：

use_facet(const locale& __loc) 
{ 
    const size_t __i = _Facet::id._M_id(); 
    const locale::facet** __facets = __loc._M_impl->_M_facets; 
    if (__i >= __loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size || !__facets[__i]) 
    __throw_bad_cast(); 
#ifdef __GXX_RTTI 
     return dynamic_cast<const _Facet&>(*__facets[__i]); 
#else 
     return static_cast<const _Facet&>(*__facets[__i]); 
#endif 
} 

这对你有意义吗？

更新：我已经试过扬的建议：

Todis-MacBook-Pro:rack todi$ g++ -shared -fpic -o bayeux.bundle bayeux.cpp 
Todis-MacBook-Pro:rack todi$ ruby -I. -rbayeux -e 'puts :ok' 
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_cast' 
    what(): std::bad_cast 
Abort trap 

版本：

Todis-MacBook-Pro:rack todi$ ruby -v 
ruby 1.9.2p136 (2010-12-25 revision 30365) [x86_64-darwin10.6.0] 
Todis-MacBook-Pro:rack todi$ gcc -v 
Using built-in specs. 
COLLECT_GCC=gcc 
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin10/4.5.2/lto-wrapper 
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin10 
Configured with: ../gcc-4.5.2/configure --prefix=/opt/local --build=x86_64-apple-darwin10 --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,fortran,java --libdir=/opt/local/lib/gcc45 --includedir=/opt/local/include/gcc45 --infodir=/opt/local/share/info --mandir=/opt/local/share/man --datarootdir=/opt/local/share/gcc-4.5 --with-local-prefix=/opt/local --with-system-zlib --disable-nls --program-suffix=-mp-4.5 --with-gxx-include-dir=/opt/local/include/gcc45/c++/ --with-gmp=/opt/local --with-mpfr=/opt/local --with-mpc=/opt/local --enable-stage1-checking --disable-multilib --enable-fully-dynamic-string 
Thread model: posix 
gcc version 4.5.2 (GCC) 

更新：

这不是约束检查中抛出use_facet（），但下一行，这实际上是一个动态演员。这个例子归结下来到或许真的与RTTI：

#define private public 
#include <locale> 
#include <iostream> 
#include <typeinfo> 

extern "C" void Init_bayeux() 
{ 
    std::locale loc = std::locale("C"); 
    printf("size: %i\n", loc._M_impl->_M_facets_size); 
    printf("id: %i\n", std::collate<char>::id._M_id()); 

    const std::locale::facet& fac = *loc._M_impl->_M_facets[ std::collate<char>::id._M_id() ]; 

    printf("name: %s\n", typeid(fac).name()); 
    printf("name: %s\n", typeid(std::collate<char>).name()); 

    const std::type_info& a = typeid(fac); 
    const std::type_info& b = typeid(std::collate<char>); 

    printf("equal: %i\n", !a.before(b) && !b.before(a)); 
    dynamic_cast< const std::collate<char>& >(fac); 
} 

我用的printf（），因为COUT的使用也将失败。上面的代码的输出是：

size: 28 
id: 5 
name: St7collateIcE 
name: St7collateIcE 
equal: 1 
terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::bad_cast' 
    what(): std::bad_cast 
Abort trap 

构建具有：

​​

更新：

如果我重命名Init_bayeux到main（）和其链接到可执行文件，输出是相同，但没有呼叫终止。

更新：

当我写一个小程序加载的共享库，并执行Init_bayeux（），再次，没有异常被抛出：

#include <dlfcn.h> 

int main() 
{ 
    void* handle = dlopen("bayeux.bundle", RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_GLOBAL); 
    void(*f)(void) = (void(*)(void)) dlsym(handle, "Init_bayeux") ; 
    f(); 
} 

所以在我看来，它可能是如何构建ruby.exe的问题。那有意义吗？

更新： 我看了一下包含两个type_info对象名称的地址。相同的内容，但地址不同。我添加了-flat_namespace开关到链接命令。现在dynamic_cast的作品。 boost regex库的原始问题仍然存在，但我认为这可以通过将boost静态链接到共享库或通过使用-flat_namespace开关重建boost库来解决。

更新： 现在我回来与提升正则表达式中的第一个例子中，建立与此命令：

g++ -shared -flat_namespace -fPIC -o bayeux.bundle /Users/todi/boost_1_49_0/stage/lib/libboost_regex.a bayeux.cpp 

但加载扩展到Ruby解释器的时候，静态符号的初始化失败：

ruby(59384,0x7fff712b8cc0) malloc: *** error for object 0x7fff70b19500: pointer being freed was not allocated 
*** set a breakpoint in malloc_error_break to debug 

Program received signal SIGABRT, Aborted. 
0x00007fff8a6ab0b6 in __kill() 
(gdb) bt 
#0 0x00007fff8a6ab0b6 in __kill() 
#1 0x00007fff8a74b9f6 in abort() 
#2 0x00007fff8a663195 in free() 
#3 0x0000000100541023 in boost::re_detail::cpp_regex_traits_char_layer<char>::init (this=0x10060be50) at basic_string.h:237 
#4 0x0000000100543904 in boost::object_cache<boost::re_detail::cpp_regex_traits_base<char>, boost::re_detail::cpp_regex_traits_implementation<char> >::do_get (k=@0x7fff5fbfddd0) at cpp_regex_traits.hpp:366 
#5 0x000000010056005b in create_cpp_regex_traits<char> (l=<value temporarily unavailable, due to optimizations>) at pending/object_cache.hpp:69 
#6 0x0000000100544c33 in boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::do_assign (this=0x7fff5fbfe090, p1=0x100567158 "^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?", p2=0x100567191 "", f=0) at cpp_regex_traits.hpp:880 
#7 0x0000000100566280 in boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::assign() 
#8 0x000000010056622d in boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::assign() 
#9 0x0000000100566188 in boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::basic_regex() 
#10 0x0000000100566025 in Init_bayeux() 
#11 0x0000000100003a23 in dln_load (file=0x10201a000 "/Users/todi/sioux/source/rack/bayeux.bundle") at dln.c:1293 
#12 0x000000010016569d in vm_pop_frame [inlined]() at /Users/todi/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.2-p320/vm_insnhelper.c:1465 
#13 0x000000010016569d in rb_vm_call_cfunc (recv=4303980440, func=0x100042520 <load_ext>, arg=4303803000, blockptr=0x1, filename=<value temporarily unavailable, due to optimizations>, filepath=<value temporarily unavailable, due to optimizations>) at vm.c:1467 
#14 0x0000000100043382 in rb_require_safe (fname=4303904640, safe=0) at load.c:602 
#15 0x000000010017cbf3 in vm_call_cfunc [inlined]() at /Users/todi/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.2-p320/vm_insnhelper.c:402 
#16 0x000000010017cbf3 in vm_call_method (th=0x1003016b0, cfp=0x1004ffef8, num=1, blockptr=0x1, flag=8, id=<value temporarily unavailable, due to optimizations>, me=0x10182cfa0, recv=4303980440) at vm_insnhelper.c:528 
... 

再次，这不会失败，当我从上面的小c程序加载共享库。

更新： 现在我联系的第一个例子静：

g++ -shared -fPIC -flat_namespace -nodefaultlibs -o bayeux.bundle -static -lstdc++ -lpthread -lgcc_eh -lboost_regex-mt bayeux.cpp 

用了同样的错误：

ruby(15197,0x7fff708aecc0) malloc: *** error for object 0x7fff7027e500: pointer being freed was not allocated 

otool -L证实，每个库链接静态：

bayeux.bundle: 
bayeux.bundle (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0) 
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.11) 

debug：

如果我连接到boost调试版本，那么它的工作方式与预期相同。

Answer 1

对于记录：我现在用相同的编译器（版本4.2.1 [官方苹果版本]）构建boost和我的应用程序。目前没有问题。为什么当ruby扩展静态链接所有库时，它无法按预期工作，这对我来说是一个奇迹。感谢所有花时间讨论这个问题的人。

亲切的问候 托斯滕