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Rails 4：将数据库更改为postgresql（来自sqlite3）

2016-02-28 68 views
1

所以我想将我的数据库表格sqlite3更改为pg。我试过以下this指南。有一些关于数据库的密码，我不知道该在哪里输入密码。有没有默认的？Rails 4：将数据库更改为postgresql（来自sqlite3）

的Gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org' 

gem 'rails', '4.2.5.1' 
gem 'pg' 
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0' 
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0' 
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0' 
gem 'decent_exposure' 
gem 'slim' 
gem 'nprogress-rails' 
gem 'jquery-rails' 
gem 'turbolinks' 
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0' 
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc 
gem 'ffaker' 

group :development, :test do 
    gem 'pry' 
end 

group :development do 
    gem 'pry-rails' 
    gem 'better_errors' 
    gem 'binding_of_caller' 
    gem 'spring' 
    # gem 'sqlite3' 
end

的database.yml

default: &default 
    adapter: postgresql 
    host: localhost 
    encoding: unicode 
    pool: 5 

development: 
    <<: *default 
    database: blog_development 

test: 
    <<: *default 
    database: blog_test 

production: 
    <<: *default 
    database: blog_production

捆绑安装的结果是100％的成功。

当我尝试创建数据库：

bin/rake db:create 
Running via Spring preloader in process 12795 
could not connect to server: No such file or directory 
    Is the server running locally and accepting 
    connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"? 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `initialize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `new' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `connect' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:242:in `initialize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `new' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `postgresql_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:438:in `new_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:448:in `checkout_new_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:422:in `acquire_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:349:in `block in checkout' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.4/lib/ruby/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:348:in `checkout' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:263:in `block in connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.4/lib/ruby/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:262:in `connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:571:in `retrieve_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:113:in `retrieve_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:87:in `connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:6:in `connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:15:in `create' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:93:in `create' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:107:in `block in create_current' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:275:in `block in each_current_configuration' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:274:in `each' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:274:in `each_current_configuration' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:106:in `create_current' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:17:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/task.rb:240:in `call' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/task.rb:240:in `block in execute' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/task.rb:235:in `each' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/task.rb:235:in `execute' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/task.rb:179:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.4/lib/ruby/2.2.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/task.rb:172:in `invoke_with_call_chain' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/task.rb:165:in `invoke' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:150:in `invoke_task' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/rake-10.5.0/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run' 
/home/dominik/github/dd_blog/bin/rake:9:in `<top (required)>' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.5.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.5.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.5.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activesupport-4.2.5.1/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.4/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.4/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require' 
-e:1:in `<main>' 
Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql", "encoding"=>"unicode", "pool"=>5, "database"=>"blog_development"}

耙分贝：我从来没有在那之前使用的Postgres迁移

rake aborted! 
PG::ConnectionBad: could not connect to server: Connection refused 
    Is the server running on host "localhost" (127.0.0.1) and accepting 
    TCP/IP connections on port 5432? 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `initialize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `new' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:651:in `connect' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:242:in `initialize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `new' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:44:in `postgresql_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:438:in `new_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:448:in `checkout_new_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:422:in `acquire_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:349:in `block in checkout' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:348:in `checkout' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:263:in `block in connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:262:in `connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:571:in `retrieve_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:113:in `retrieve_connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:87:in `connection' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:916:in `initialize' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `new' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:823:in `up' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/migration.rb:801:in `migrate' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:137:in `migrate' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/gems/activerecord-4.2.5.1/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:44:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval' 
/home/dominik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.4/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>' 
Tasks: TOP => db:migrate 
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

注意。也许需要一些配置？

P.S.我使用的是Ubuntu 14.04

原来，我没有安装postgresql。

来源

2016-02-28 dominikduda

回答

0

一些事情，rake db：migrate只会运行你的迁移，不会创建你的dev deb。创建数据库的命令是： rake db：create

只能在创建数据库并连接到数据库后才能运行迁移。

因此，先尝试一下，如果失败，请检查以确保您有PostgreSQL运行。我在Ubuntu 15.04上，我运行postgres作为一个服务，如果需要的话可以这样做。确认postgresql已正确安装并正在运行。在终端'psql -V'将返回你安装的postgresql版本。检查进程$ ps aux | grep postgresl。

确认您已启动并运行postgresql。接下来，从database.yml中删除'host：localhost'这一行，这是没有必要的。接下来，在database.yml中，尝试在开发数据库下面添加： port: 5432。如果这仍然没有解决它低于加： host: ""

来源

2016-02-28 23:58:35 alex1sz

0

1 - 添加到您的Gemfile

gem 'pg', '~> 0.15'

2 - 添加到您的database.yml为您的应用

的名称改变 myapp 
# PostgreSQL. Versions 8.2 and up are supported. 
# 
# Install the pg driver: 
# gem install pg 
# On OS X with Homebrew: 
# gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/usr/local/bin/pg_config 
# On OS X with MacPorts: 
# gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/opt/local/lib/postgresql84/bin/pg_config 
# On Windows: 
# gem install pg 
#  Choose the win32 build. 
#  Install PostgreSQL and put its /bin directory on your path. 
# 
# Configure Using Gemfile 
# gem 'pg' 
# 
default: &default 
    adapter: postgresql 
    encoding: unicode 
    # For details on connection pooling, see rails configuration guide 
    # http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#database-pooling 
    pool: 5 

development: 
    <<: *default 
    database: myapp_development 

    # The specified database role being used to connect to postgres. 
    # To create additional roles in postgres see `$ createuser --help`. 
    # When left blank, postgres will use the default role. This is 
    # the same name as the operating system user that initialized the database. 
    #username: myapp 

    # The password associated with the postgres role (username). 
    #password: 

    # Connect on a TCP socket. Omitted by default since the client uses a 
    # domain socket that doesn't need configuration. Windows does not have 
    # domain sockets, so uncomment these lines. 
    #host: localhost 

    # The TCP port the server listens on. Defaults to 5432. 
    # If your server runs on a different port number, change accordingly. 
    #port: 5432 

    # Schema search path. The server defaults to $user,public 
    #schema_search_path: myapp,sharedapp,public 

    # Minimum log levels, in increasing order: 
    # debug5, debug4, debug3, debug2, debug1, 
    # log, notice, warning, error, fatal, and panic 
    # Defaults to warning. 
    #min_messages: notice 

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and 
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake". 
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production. 
test: 
    <<: *default 
    database: myapp_test 

# As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information, 
# like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is 
# ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database. 
# 
# Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot 
# the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database 
# for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a 
# production deployment. 
# 
# On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL 
# available as an environment variable. For example: 
# 
# DATABASE_URL="postgres://myuser:[email protected]/somedatabase" 
# 
# You can use this database configuration with: 
# 
# production: 
#  url: <%= ENV['DATABASE_URL'] %> 
# 
production: 
    <<: *default 
    database: myapp_production 
    username: myapp 
    password: <%= ENV['MYAPP_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>

2 - 然后：

rake db:purge 
rake db:setup 
rake db:migrate

来源

2016-03-02 03:57:37

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