红宝石教程第8章 - 错误

Question

有三位工程师试图解决这个问题，但没有运气。通过Ruby on rails tutorial - Michael Hartl, Chapter 8工作，似乎无法取得进展。如果您是绝地工程师，请根据新手经验/知识全面书写答案。提前致谢！

错误

Failures: 

    1) when email format is invalid should be invalid 
    Failure/Error: @user.email = invalid_address 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `email=' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:33:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:32:in `each' 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:32:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    2) when email format is valid should be valid 
    Failure/Error: @user.email = valid_address 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `email=' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:43:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:42:in `each' 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:42:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    3) when email address is already taken 
    Failure/Error: user_with_same_email = @user.dup 
    TypeError: 
     can't dup NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:51:in `dup' 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:51:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    4) when password is not present 
    Failure/Error: before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = " " } 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `password_confirmation=' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:60:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    5) when password doesn't match confirmation 
    Failure/Error: before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" } 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `password_confirmation=' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:65:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    6) when password confirmation is nil 
    Failure/Error: before { @user.password_confirmation = nil } 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `password_confirmation=' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:70:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    7) with a password that's too short 
    Failure/Error: before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 } 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `password_confirmation=' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:76:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    8) return value of authenticate method with valid password 
    Failure/Error: before { @user.save } 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `save' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:81:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    9) return value of authenticate method with invalid password 
    Failure/Error: before { @user.save } 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `save' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:81:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    10) return value of authenticate method with invalid password 
    Failure/Error: before { @user.save } 
    NoMethodError: 
     undefined method `save' for nil:NilClass 
    # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:81:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    11) Authentication signin page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit signin_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841ca913c8>:0x007f8419313cc0> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/authentication_pages_spec.rb:8:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    12) Authentication signin page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit signin_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841ca913c8>:0x007f841bba0030> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/authentication_pages_spec.rb:8:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    13) Static pages Home page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit root_path } 
    NameError: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_11::Nested_1:0x007f8419475898> 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:8:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    14) Static pages Home page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit root_path } 
    NameError: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_11::Nested_1:0x007f84195c97f8> 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:8:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    15) Static pages Home page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit root_path } 
    NameError: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<RSpec::Core::ExampleGroup::Nested_11::Nested_1:0x007f84196d96e8> 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:8:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    16) Static pages Help page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit help_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841b879528>:0x007f84196268b8> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:16:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    17) Static pages Help page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit help_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841b879528>:0x007f841bd4b4e8> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:16:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    18) Static pages About page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit about_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841b879528>:0x007f841bbab728> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:23:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    19) Static pages About page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit about_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841b879528>:0x007f841a1f8c18> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:23:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    20) Static pages Contact page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit contact_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841b879528>:0x007f841b8baf00> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:30:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    21) Static pages Contact page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit contact_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841b879528>:0x007f841be450b0> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:30:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    22) User pages profile page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841bed35e0>:0x007f841bedc2d0> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    23) User pages profile page 
    Failure/Error: before { visit user_path(user) } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841bed35e0>:0x007f841b8890e0> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:9:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    24) User pages signup with invalid information should not create a user 
    Failure/Error: before { visit signup_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841bed35e0>:0x007f841bfd8940> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:17:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

    25) User pages signup with valid information should create a user 
    Failure/Error: before { visit signup_path } 
    ActionView::Template::Error: 
     undefined local variable or method `root_path' for #<#<Class:0x007f841bed35e0>:0x007f841bd018c0> 
    # ./app/views/layouts/_header.html.erb:4:in `_app_views_layouts__header_html_erb___3328719763930508541_70102689576460' 
    # ./app/views/layouts/application.html.erb:11:in `_app_views_layouts_application_html_erb___3500649280077332684_70102687772720' 
    # ./spec/requests/user_pages_spec.rb:17:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>' 

Finished in 0.60263 seconds 
33 examples, 25 failures 

user_spec.rb

require 'spec_helper' 

describe User do 

    before do 
    @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", 
        password: "foobar", password_confirmation: "foobar") 
    end 

    subject { @user } 

    it { should respond_to(:name) } 
    it { should respond_to(:email) } 
    it { should respond_to(:password_digest) } 
    it { should respond_to(:password) } 
    it { should respond_to(:password_confirmation) } 

    it { should respond_to(:authenticate) } 

    it { should be_valid } 

    describe "when name is too long" do 
     before { @user.name = "a" * 51 } 
     it { should_not be_valid } 
    end 
    end 

    describe "when email format is invalid" do 
     it "should be invalid" do 
     addresses = %w[user@foo,com user_at_foo.org example.user@foo. 
         foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com] 
     addresses.each do |invalid_address| 
      @user.email = invalid_address 
      @user.should_not be_valid 
     end  
     end 
    end 

    describe "when email format is valid" do 
     it "should be valid" do 
     addresses = %w[user@foo.COM A_US-ER@f.b.org frst.lst@foo.jp a+b@baz.cn] 
     addresses.each do |valid_address| 
      @user.email = valid_address 
      @user.should be_valid 
     end  
     end 
    end 

    describe "when email address is already taken" do 
     before do 
     user_with_same_email = @user.dup 
     user_with_same_email.email = @user.email.upcase 
     user_with_same_email.save 
     end 

     it { should_not be_valid } 
    end 

    describe "when password is not present" do 
     before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = " " } 
     it { should_not be_valid } 
    end 

    describe "when password doesn't match confirmation" do 
     before { @user.password_confirmation = "mismatch" } 
     it { should_not be_valid } 
    end 

    describe "when password confirmation is nil" do 
     before { @user.password_confirmation = nil } 
     it { should_not be_valid } 
    end 


    describe "with a password that's too short" do 
     before { @user.password = @user.password_confirmation = "a" * 5 } 
     it { should be_invalid } 
    end 

    describe "return value of authenticate method" do 
     before { @user.save } 
     let(:found_user) { User.find_by_email(@user.email) } 

     describe "with valid password" do 
     it { should == found_user.authenticate(@user.password) } 
     end 

     describe "with invalid password" do 
     let(:user_for_invalid_password) { found_user.authenticate("invalid") } 

     it { should_not == user_for_invalid_password } 
     specify { user_for_invalid_password.should be_false } 
     end 
    end 

authentication_pages_spec

require 'spec_helper' 

describe "Authentication" do 

    subject { page } 

    describe "signin page" do 
    before { visit signin_path } 

    it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'Sign in') } 
    it { should have_selector('title', text: 'Sign in') } 
    end 
end 

static_pages_spec

require 'spec_helper' 

describe "Static pages" do 

    subject { page } 

    describe "Home page" do 
    before { visit root_path } 

    it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'Sample App') } 
    it { should have_selector('title', text: full_title('')) } 
    it { should_not have_selector 'title', text: '| Home' } 
    end 

    describe "Help page" do 
    before { visit help_path } 

    it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'Help') } 
    it { should have_selector('title', text: full_title('Help')) } 
    end 

    describe "About page" do 
    before { visit about_path } 

    it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'About') } 
    it { should have_selector('title', text: full_title('About Us')) } 
    end 

    describe "Contact page" do 
    before { visit contact_path } 

    it { should have_selector('h1', text: 'Contact') } 
    it { should have_selector('title', text: full_title('Contact')) } 
    end 
end 

user_pages_spec

require 'spec_helper' 

describe "User pages" do 

subject { page } 

describe "profile page" do 
let(:user) { FactoryGirl.create(:user) } 
before { visit user_path(user) } 

it { should have_selector('h1', text: user.name) } 
it { should have_selector('title', text: user.name) } 
end 

describe "signup" do 

before { visit signup_path } 

let(:submit) { "Create my account" } 

describe "with invalid information" do 
    it "should not create a user" do 
    expect { click_button submit }.not_to change(User, :count) 
    end 
end 

describe "with valid information" do 
    before do 
    fill_in "Name",   with: "Example User" 
    fill_in "Email",  with: "user@example.com" 
    fill_in "Password",  with: "foobar" 
    fill_in "Confirmation", with: "foobar" 
    end 

    it "should create a user" do 
    expect { click_button submit }.to change(User, :count).by(1) 
    end 
end 
end 
end 

的Gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org' 

gem 'rails', '3.2.6' 
gem 'bootstrap-sass', '2.0.0' 
gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '3.0.1' 
# Bundle edge Rails instead: 
# gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git' 

group :development, :test do 
    gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.5' 
    gem 'rspec-rails', '2.10.0' 
end 

gem 'annotate', '~> 2.4.1.beta', group: :development 


# Gems used only for assets and not required 
# in production environments by default. 
group :assets do 
    gem 'sass-rails', '3.2.4' 
    gem 'coffee-rails', '3.2.2' 

    # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes 
    # gem 'therubyracer', :platforms => :ruby 

    gem 'uglifier', '1.2.3' 
end 

gem 'jquery-rails', '2.0.0' 

# To use ActiveModel has_secure_password 
# gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0' 

# To use Jbuilder templates for JSON 
# gem 'jbuilder' 

group :test do 
gem 'capybara', '1.1.2' 
gem 'factory_girl_rails', '1.4.0' 
end 

group :production do 
gem 'pg', '0.12.2' 
end 

# Use unicorn as the app server 
# gem 'unicorn' 

# Deploy with Capistrano 
# gem 'capistrano' 

# To use debugger 
# gem 'debugger' 

在此先感谢球员:)

Answer 1

我t看起来像忘了准备测试数据库。在命令行中运行以下命令：

rake db:test:prepare 

我肯定会建议您阅读A Guide to Testing Rails Applications (3.1 Preparing your Application for Testing)得到的东西需要你运行测试之前发生的感觉。