具有最高优先级的Java线程没有得到执行

Question

Main.java：

public class Main { 
    public static void main(String[] args) { 
     final Semaphore semp = new Semaphore(1); 
     for (int facultyNO = 1; facultyNO <= 10; facultyNO++) { 
      final int NO = facultyNO; 
      Runnable run = new Runnable() { 
       public void run() { 
        try { 
         while (true) { 
          semp.acquire(); 
          System.out.println("No." + NO + " grab a candy"); 
          Bowl.candy--; 
          System.out.println("Candy num left:" + Bowl.candy); 
          semp.release(); 
          Thread.sleep((long) (1000)); 
         } 
        } catch (InterruptedException e) { 
         e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
       } 
      }; 
      Thread faculty = new Thread(run); 
      faculty.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); 
      faculty.start(); 
     } 
     Thread TA = new Thread(() -> { 
      try { 
       while (true) { 
        if (Bowl.candy < 0) { 
         semp.acquire(); 
         System.out.println("TA fills the candy bowl"); 
         Bowl.candy = 10; 
         System.out.println("Candy num left:" + Bowl.candy); 
         semp.release(); 
        } 
       } 
      }catch (InterruptedException e) { 
       e.printStackTrace(); 
      } 
     }); 
     TA.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); 
     TA.start(); 
    } 
} 

Bowl.java：

public class Bowl { 
    static int candy = 10; 
} 

我给线程 “TA” 最高优先级，因为我希望它只要Bowl.candy = 0就可以立即执行以填充碗。但是，控制台打印：

No.2 grab a candy 
Candy num left:9 
No.1 grab a candy 
Candy num left:8 
No.4 grab a candy 
Candy num left:7 
No.6 grab a candy 
Candy num left:6 
No.7 grab a candy 
Candy num left:5 
No.8 grab a candy 
Candy num left:4 
No.3 grab a candy 
Candy num left:3 
No.5 grab a candy 
Candy num left:2 
No.10 grab a candy 
Candy num left:1 
No.9 grab a candy 
Candy num left:0 
No.2 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-1 
No.1 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-2 
No.4 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-3 
No.6 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-4 
No.7 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-5 
No.8 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-6 
No.3 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-7 
No.5 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-8 
No.10 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-9 
No.9 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-10 

好像if (Bowl.candy < 0)从未得到执行中的代码。为什么？

Answer 1

你必须在这种情况下访问变量之前获取锁：

semp.acquire(); 
if (Bowl.candy < 0) { 
    System.out.println("TA fills the candy bowl"); 
    Bowl.candy = 10; 
    System.out.println("Candy num left:" + Bowl.candy); 
} 
semp.release(); 

另一种选择：

Bowl.candy都将被声明为volatile否则就不能保证其他线程可以看到更改这个变量。或Bowl.candy必须仅在​​块中进行访问。

Answer 2

我怀疑这是一个竞态条件问题。你正在检查这个值，然后我怀疑另一个线程已经占用了信号量，所以你不能改变它的值。

如果您更改信号量来包装支票和作业，您的结果会稍微好一些。

Thread TA = new Thread(() -> { 
    try { 
     while (true) { 
      semp.acquire(); 
      if (candy < 0) { 
       System.out.println("TA fills the candy bowl"); 
       Bowl.candy = 10; 
       System.out.println("Candy num left:" + Bowl.candy); 
      } 
      semp.release(); 
     } 
    } 
    //... 
}); 

但是，由于时间安排问题，你会得到的结果是这样的：

Candy num left:2 
No.2 grab a candy 
Candy num left:1 
No.3 grab a candy 
Candy num left:0 
No.5 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-1 //!!! 
No.6 grab a candy 
Candy num left:-2 //!!! 
TA fills the candy bowl 

由于Nambari指出的那样，你可能不希望与多线程来解决这个问题。