比方说,我有以下简单的表变量:有没有办法在不使用游标的情况下循环访问TSQL中的表变量?
declare @databases table
(
DatabaseID int,
Name varchar(15),
Server varchar(15)
)
-- insert a bunch rows into @databases
是声明和使用游标我唯一的选择,如果我想通过行迭代?有另一种方法吗?
比方说,我有以下简单的表变量:有没有办法在不使用游标的情况下循环访问TSQL中的表变量?
declare @databases table
(
DatabaseID int,
Name varchar(15),
Server varchar(15)
)
-- insert a bunch rows into @databases
是声明和使用游标我唯一的选择,如果我想通过行迭代?有另一种方法吗?
首先你要绝对确保你需要通过每行迭代 - 基于集合的操作将执行在任何情况下更快,我能想到的,通常会使用更简单的代码。
根据您的数据有可能只使用select语句循环,如下图所示:
Declare @Id int
While (Select Count(*) From ATable Where Processed = 0) > 0
Begin
Select Top 1 @Id = Id From ATable Where Processed = 0
--Do some processing here
Update ATable Set Processed = 1 Where Id = @Id
End
另一种方法是使用临时表:
Select *
Into #Temp
From ATable
Declare @Id int
While (Select Count(*) From #Temp) > 0
Begin
Select Top 1 @Id = Id From #Temp
--Do some processing here
Delete #Temp Where Id = @Id
End
,你应该选择的选项真的取决于数据的结构和数量。
注:如果您正在使用SQL Server,你会用更好的服务:
WHILE EXISTS(SELECT * FROM #Temp)
使用COUNT
必须触及每一个行的表中,EXISTS
只需要触摸的第一个(见下面的Josef's answer)。
您可以使用while循环:
While (Select Count(*) From #TempTable) > 0
Begin
Insert Into @Databases...
Delete From #TempTable Where x = x
End
这里是我会怎么做:
Select Identity(int, 1,1) AS PK, DatabaseID
Into #T
From @databases
Declare @maxPK int;Select @maxPK = MAX(PK) From #T
Declare @pk int;Set @pk = 1
While @pk <= @maxPK
Begin
-- Get one record
Select DatabaseID, Name, Server
From @databases
Where DatabaseID = (Select DatabaseID From #T Where PK = @pk)
--Do some processing here
--
Select @pk = @pk + 1
End
[编辑]因为我可能忽略的单词“变量”当我第一次读的问题,这里是一个更新的响应...
declare @databases table
(
PK int IDENTITY(1,1),
DatabaseID int,
Name varchar(15),
Server varchar(15)
)
-- insert a bunch rows into @databases
--/*
INSERT INTO @databases (DatabaseID, Name, Server) SELECT 1,'MainDB', 'MyServer'
INSERT INTO @databases (DatabaseID, Name, Server) SELECT 1,'MyDB', 'MyServer2'
--*/
Declare @maxPK int;Select @maxPK = MAX(PK) From @databases
Declare @pk int;Set @pk = 1
While @pk <= @maxPK
Begin
/* Get one record (you can read the values into some variables) */
Select DatabaseID, Name, Server
From @databases
Where PK = @pk
/* Do some processing here */
/* ... */
Select @pk = @pk + 1
End
我同意前面的贴子,基于集合的操作通常会表现得更好,但是如果你需要遍历此行的做法我想借此:
从表中重复选择下一个未使用的记录做
DECLARE @databases TABLE
(
DatabaseID int,
Name varchar(15),
Server varchar(15),
fUsed BIT DEFAULT 0
)
-- insert a bunch rows into @databases
DECLARE @DBID INT
SELECT TOP 1 @DBID = DatabaseID from @databases where fUsed = 0
WHILE @@ROWCOUNT <> 0 and @DBID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
-- Perform your processing here
--Update the record to "used"
UPDATE @databases SET fUsed = 1 WHERE DatabaseID = @DBID
--Get the next record
SELECT TOP 1 @DBID = DatabaseID from @databases where fUsed = 0
END
只是一个快速的注意,如果您使用的是SQL Server中,有例子:
While (Select Count(*) From #Temp) > 0
会和
While EXISTS(SELECT * From #Temp)
得到更好的服务伯爵将要接触的每一个行的表中,EXISTS
只需要触摸的第一个。
如果没有其他选择,可以逐行创建FAST_FORWARD游标。这将会像建立一个时间循环一样快,并且更容易长期维护。
FAST_FORWARD 指定启用了性能优化的FORWARD_ONLY,READ_ONLY游标。如果还指定了SCROLL或FOR_UPDATE,则无法指定FAST_FORWARD。
定义你的临时表这样的 -
declare @databases table
(
RowID int not null identity(1,1) primary key,
DatabaseID int,
Name varchar(15),
Server varchar(15)
)
-- insert a bunch rows into @databases
那么做到这一点 -
declare @i int
select @i = min(RowID) from @databases
declare @max int
select @max = max(RowID) from @databases
while @i <= @max begin
select DatabaseID, Name, Server from @database where RowID = @i --do some stuff
set @i = @i + 1
end
我真不明白你为什么会需要求助于使用可怕的cursor
点。 但这里是另一种选择,如果你使用的是SQL Server版本2005/2008
使用递归
declare @databases table
(
DatabaseID int,
Name varchar(15),
Server varchar(15)
)
--; Insert records into @databases...
--; Recurse through @databases
;with DBs as (
select * from @databases where DatabaseID = 1
union all
select A.* from @databases A
inner join DBs B on A.DatabaseID = B.DatabaseID + 1
)
select * from DBs
这是我要做的事:
declare @RowNum int, @CustId nchar(5), @Name1 nchar(25)
select @CustId=MAX(USERID) FROM UserIDs --start with the highest ID
Select @RowNum = Count(*) From UserIDs --get total number of records
WHILE @RowNum > 0 --loop until no more records
BEGIN
select @Name1 = username1 from UserIDs where USERID= @CustID --get other info from that row
print cast(@RowNum as char(12)) + ' ' + @CustId + ' ' + @Name1 --do whatever
select top 1 @CustId=USERID from UserIDs where USERID < @CustID order by USERID desc--get the next one
set @RowNum = @RowNum - 1 --decrease count
END
没有光标,没有临时表,没有额外的列。 USERID列必须是唯一的整数,因为大多数主键都是。
我打算提供基于集合的解决方案。
insert @databases (DatabaseID, Name, Server)
select DatabaseID, Name, Server
From ... (Use whatever query you would have used in the loop or cursor)
这比任何循环技术都快,而且易于编写和维护。
-- [PO_RollBackOnReject] 'FININV10532'
alter procedure PO_RollBackOnReject
@CaseID nvarchar(100)
AS
Begin
SELECT *
INTO #tmpTable
FROM PO_InvoiceItems where CaseID = @CaseID
Declare @Id int
Declare @PO_No int
Declare @Current_Balance Money
While (Select ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY PO_LineNo DESC) From #tmpTable) > 0
Begin
Select Top 1 @Id = PO_LineNo, @Current_Balance = Current_Balance,
@PO_No = PO_No
From #Temp
update PO_Details
Set Current_Balance = Current_Balance + @Current_Balance,
Previous_App_Amount= Previous_App_Amount + @Current_Balance,
Is_Processed = 0
Where PO_LineNumber = @Id
AND PO_No = @PO_No
update PO_InvoiceItems
Set IsVisible = 0,
Is_Processed= 0
,Is_InProgress = 0 ,
Is_Active = 0
Where PO_LineNo = @Id
AND PO_No = @PO_No
End
End
另一种方法,而无需改变你的架构或使用临时表:
DECLARE @rowCount int = 0
,@currentRow int = 1
,@databaseID int
,@name varchar(15)
,@server varchar(15);
SELECT @rowCount = COUNT(*)
FROM @databases;
WHILE (@currentRow <= @rowCount)
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1
@databaseID = rt.[DatabaseID]
,@name = rt.[Name]
,@server = rt.[Server]
FROM (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (
ORDER BY t.[DatabaseID], t.[Name], t.[Server]
) AS [RowNumber]
,t.[DatabaseID]
,t.[Name]
,t.[Server]
FROM @databases t
) rt
WHERE rt.[RowNumber] = @currentRow;
EXEC [your_stored_procedure] @databaseID, @name, @server;
SET @currentRow = @currentRow + 1;
END
这将在SQL SERVER 2012版本。
declare @Rowcount int
select @Rowcount=count(*) from AddressTable;
while(@Rowcount>0)
begin
select @[email protected];
SELECT * FROM AddressTable order by AddressId desc OFFSET @Rowcount ROWS FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS ONLY;
end
这是我使用2008 R2的代码。此代码,我使用的是建立在重点领域指标(SSNO & EMPR_NO)N的所有故事
if object_ID('tempdb..#a')is not NULL drop table #a
select 'IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE name ='+CHAR(39)+''+'IDX_'+COLUMN_NAME+'_'+SUBSTRING(table_name,5,len(table_name)-3)+char(39)+')'
+' begin DROP INDEX [IDX_'+COLUMN_NAME+'_'+SUBSTRING(table_name,5,len(table_name)-3)+'] ON '+table_schema+'.'+table_name+' END Create index IDX_'+COLUMN_NAME+'_'+SUBSTRING(table_name,5,len(table_name)-3)+ ' on '+ table_schema+'.'+table_name+' ('+COLUMN_NAME+') ' 'Field'
,ROW_NUMBER() over (order by table_NAMe) as 'ROWNMBR'
into #a
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where (COLUMN_NAME like '%_SSNO_%' or COLUMN_NAME like'%_EMPR_NO_')
and TABLE_SCHEMA='dbo'
declare @loopcntr int
declare @ROW int
declare @String nvarchar(1000)
set @loopcntr=(select count(*) from #a)
set @ROW=1
while (@ROW <= @loopcntr)
begin
select top 1 @String=a.Field
from #A a
where a.ROWNMBR = @ROW
execute sp_executesql @String
set @ROW = @ROW + 1
end
选择@pk = @pk + 1会更好:SET @pk + = @pk。避免使用SELECT如果不引用表只是分配值。
第1步:在select语句下面为每个记录创建一个具有唯一行号的临时表。
select eno,ename,eaddress,mobno int,row_number() over(order by eno desc) as rno into #tmp_sri from emp
第二步:声明所需的变量
DECLARE @ROWNUMBER INT
DECLARE @ename varchar(100)
第三步:以总行从临时表计数
SELECT @ROWNUMBER = COUNT(*) FROM #tmp_sri
declare @rno int
第四步:根据唯一的行数环路临时表在临时
创建while @rownumber>0
begin
set @[email protected]
select @ename=ename from #tmp_sri where [email protected] **// You can take columns data from here as many as you want**
set @[email protected]
print @ename **// instead of printing, you can write insert, update, delete statements**
end
重量轻,无需进行额外的表,如果你在桌子上
Declare @id int = 0, @anything nvarchar(max)
WHILE(1=1) BEGIN
Select Top 1 @anything=[Anything],@[email protected]+1 FROM Table WHERE ID>@id
if(@@ROWCOUNT=0) break;
--Process @anything
END
这种方法有一个整数ID
只需要一个变量,并且不会@databases删除任何行。我知道这里有很多答案,但我没有看到一个使用MIN来获取你的下一个ID的例子。
DECLARE @databases TABLE
(
DatabaseID int,
Name varchar(15),
Server varchar(15)
)
-- insert a bunch rows into @databases
DECLARE @CurrID INT
SELECT @CurrID = MIN(DatabaseID)
FROM @databases
WHILE @CurrID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
-- Do stuff for @CurrID
SELECT @CurrID = MIN(DatabaseID)
FROM @databases
WHERE DatabaseID > @CurrID
END
我更喜欢使用偏移取,如果你有一个唯一的ID,你可以通过你的排序表:
DECLARE @TableVariable (ID int, Name varchar(50));
DECLARE @RecordCount int;
SELECT @RecordCount = COUNT(*) FROM @TableVariable;
WHILE @RecordCount > 0
BEGIN
SELECT ID, Name FROM @TableVariable ORDER BY ID OFFSET @RecordCount - 1 FETCH NEXT 1 ROW;
SET @RecordCount = @RecordCount - 1;
END
这样,我并不需要字段添加到表或使用窗口功能。
这是可能的使用游标做到这一点:
创建函数[DBO] .f_teste_loop 返回@tabela表 ( 鳕INT, 诺姆VARCHAR(10) ) 作为 开始
insert into @tabela values (1, 'verde');
insert into @tabela values (2, 'amarelo');
insert into @tabela values (3, 'azul');
insert into @tabela values (4, 'branco');
return;
端
创建过程[DBO]。[sp_teste_loop] 作为 开始
DECLARE @cod int, @nome varchar(10);
DECLARE curLoop CURSOR STATIC LOCAL
FOR
SELECT
cod
,nome
FROM
dbo.f_teste_loop();
OPEN curLoop;
FETCH NEXT FROM curLoop
INTO @cod, @nome;
WHILE (@@FETCH_STATUS = 0)
BEGIN
PRINT @nome;
FETCH NEXT FROM curLoop
INTO @cod, @nome;
END
CLOSE curLoop;
DEALLOCATE curLoop;
末
这里是我的解决方案,它利用一个无限循环中,BREAK
语句和@@ROWCOUNT
功能。没有游标或临时表是必要的,我只需要编写一个查询来获取在@databases
表中的下一行:
declare @databases table
(
DatabaseID int,
[Name] varchar(15),
[Server] varchar(15)
);
-- Populate the [@databases] table with test data.
insert into @databases (DatabaseID, [Name], [Server])
select X.DatabaseID, X.[Name], X.[Server]
from (values
(1, 'Roger', 'ServerA'),
(5, 'Suzy', 'ServerB'),
(8675309, 'Jenny', 'TommyTutone')
) X (DatabaseID, [Name], [Server])
-- Create an infinite loop & ensure that a break condition is reached in the loop code.
declare @databaseId int;
while (1=1)
begin
-- Get the next database ID.
select top(1) @databaseId = DatabaseId
from @databases
where DatabaseId > isnull(@databaseId, 0);
-- If no rows were found by the preceding SQL query, you're done; exit the WHILE loop.
if (@@ROWCOUNT = 0) break;
-- Otherwise, do whatever you need to do with the current [@databases] table row here.
print 'Processing @databaseId #' + cast(@databaseId as varchar(50));
end
你能提供给我们的理由,你为什么要遍历行,其他的解决方案,不需要迭代可能存在(并且在大多数情况下哪个速度快很多) – 2008-09-15 11:21:28
同意pop ...可能不需要根据情况的光标。但是使用游标没有问题,如果你需要 – Shawn 2008-10-29 23:09:30
http://wiki.lessthandot.com/index.php/Cursors_and_How_to_Avoid_Them – HLGEM 2011-10-07 13:24:24