显示3随机卡片JavaFX

Question

所以基本上，挑战是在标题。这是非常基本的，但我认为我是最重要的。我遇到的一个问题是卡片的图片来自哪里。我知道通常你有他们来自你的电脑，但我正在做的地方图片来自网址。这是我迄今为止，但我收到了一系列错误（InvocationTargetException，运行时和IndexOutOfBounds）任何帮助表示赞赏。

import java.util.ArrayList; 
import javafx.application.Application; 
import javafx.stage.Stage; 
import javafx.scene.Scene; 
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView; 
import javafx.scene.image.Image; 
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox; 
public class Exercise14_03 extends Application{ 
    @Override 
    public void start(Stage primaryStage){ 
     ArrayList<String> cards = new ArrayList<>(); 

     for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){ 
      cards.add(String.valueOf(i + 1)); 

     java.util.Collections.shuffle(cards); 

     ImageView view1 = new ImageView(new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(0) + ".png")); 
     ImageView view2 = new ImageView(new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(1) + ".png")); 
     ImageView view3 = new ImageView(new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(2) + ".png")); 

     HBox root = new HBox(); 

     root.getChildren().add(view1); 
     root.getChildren().add(view2); 
     root.getChildren().add(view3); 

     Scene scene = new Scene(root); 

     primaryStage.setTitle("Exercise14_03"); 
     primaryStage.setScene(scene); 
     primaryStage.show(); 
     } 
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args){ 
     launch(args); 
    } 
} 

（例外）

Exception in Application start method 
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:389) 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:328) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) 
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) 
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) 
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) 
    at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:767) 
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Exception in Application start method 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication1(LauncherImpl.java:917) 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication$155(LauncherImpl.java:182) 
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) 
Caused by: java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 1, Size: 1 
    at java.util.ArrayList.rangeCheck(ArrayList.java:653) 
    at java.util.ArrayList.get(ArrayList.java:429) 
    at Exercise14_03.start(Exercise14_03.java:29) 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.lambda$launchApplication1$162(LauncherImpl.java:863) 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runAndWait$175(PlatformImpl.java:326) 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$null$173(PlatformImpl.java:295) 
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) 
    at com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.lambda$runLater$174(PlatformImpl.java:294) 
    at com.sun.glass.ui.InvokeLaterDispatcher$Future.run(InvokeLaterDispatcher.java:95) 
    at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication._runLoop(Native Method) 
    at com.sun.glass.ui.win.WinApplication.lambda$null$148(WinApplication.java:191) 

Answer 1

人使用风格指南缩进等原因，在于它降低了出错的可能性。如果你把你的代码：

import java.util.ArrayList; 
import javafx.application.Application; 
import javafx.stage.Stage; 
import javafx.scene.Scene; 
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView; 
import javafx.scene.image.Image; 
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox; 
public class Exercise14_03 extends Application{ 
    @Override 
    public void start(Stage primaryStage){ 
     ArrayList<String> cards = new ArrayList<>(); 

     for(int i = 0; i < 52; i++){ 
      cards.add(String.valueOf(i + 1)); 

     java.util.Collections.shuffle(cards); 

     ImageView view1 = new ImageView(new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(0) + ".png")); 
     ImageView view2 = new ImageView(new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(1) + ".png")); 
     ImageView view3 = new ImageView(new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(2) + ".png")); 

     HBox root = new HBox(); 

     root.getChildren().add(view1); 
     root.getChildren().add(view2); 
     root.getChildren().add(view3); 

     Scene scene = new Scene(root); 

     primaryStage.setTitle("Exercise14_03"); 
     primaryStage.setScene(scene); 
     primaryStage.show(); 
     } 
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args){ 
     launch(args); 
    } 
} 

正确缩进它（大多数IDE会为你做这个，例如在Eclipse中，您可以选择用CTRL-A的一切，然后用CTRL-SHIFT-F格式），你得到

import java.util.ArrayList; 
import javafx.application.Application; 
import javafx.stage.Stage; 
import javafx.scene.Scene; 
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView; 
import javafx.scene.image.Image; 
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox; 

public class Exercise14_03 extends Application { 
    @Override 
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) { 
     ArrayList<String> cards = new ArrayList<>(); 

     for (int i = 0; i < 52; i++) { 
      cards.add(String.valueOf(i + 1)); 

      java.util.Collections.shuffle(cards); 

      ImageView view1 = new ImageView(
        new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(0) + ".png")); 
      ImageView view2 = new ImageView(
        new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(1) + ".png")); 
      ImageView view3 = new ImageView(
        new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(2) + ".png")); 

      HBox root = new HBox(); 

      root.getChildren().add(view1); 
      root.getChildren().add(view2); 
      root.getChildren().add(view3); 

      Scene scene = new Scene(root); 

      primaryStage.setTitle("Exercise14_03"); 
      primaryStage.setScene(scene); 
      primaryStage.show(); 
     } 
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args) { 
     launch(args); 
    } 
} 

现在的问题是显而易见的：几乎整个start(...)方法是你for循环内。在循环的第一次迭代中，添加第一个元素，然后尝试访问元素0,1和2，从而导致IndexOutOfBoundsException。

只需推动码出的for循环：

import java.util.ArrayList; 
import javafx.application.Application; 
import javafx.stage.Stage; 
import javafx.scene.Scene; 
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView; 
import javafx.scene.image.Image; 
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox; 

public class Exercise14_03 extends Application { 
    @Override 
    public void start(Stage primaryStage) { 
     ArrayList<String> cards = new ArrayList<>(); 

     for (int i = 0; i < 52; i++) { 
      cards.add(String.valueOf(i + 1)); 
     } 

     java.util.Collections.shuffle(cards); 

     ImageView view1 = new ImageView(
       new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(0) + ".png")); 
     ImageView view2 = new ImageView(
       new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(1) + ".png")); 
     ImageView view3 = new ImageView(
       new Image("https://liveexample.pearsoncmg.com/book/image/card/" + cards.get(2) + ".png")); 

     HBox root = new HBox(); 

     root.getChildren().add(view1); 
     root.getChildren().add(view2); 
     root.getChildren().add(view3); 

     Scene scene = new Scene(root); 

     primaryStage.setTitle("Exercise14_03"); 
     primaryStage.setScene(scene); 
     primaryStage.show(); 
    } 

    public static void main(String[] args) { 
     launch(args); 
    } 
} 

它也是有用的学习how to read the stack trace。