改善Tikz图

Question

我刚刚在Tikz完成了我的第一个图。看起来，我想它，但我不满意我怎么都“编码”吧：

\begin{tikzpicture} 
[node distance=14mm, 
item/.style={rounded corners,rectangle, 
    thick, 
    minimum width=20mm, minimum height=10mm}] 

\node[item,draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20] (stack) {1394 Stack}; 
\node[item,left=of stack,draw=green!50,fill=green!20,yshift=-9mm] (app1) {Application}; 
\node[item,left=of stack,draw=green!50,fill=green!20,yshift=9mm] (app2) {Application}; 
\node[item,right=of stack,draw=orange!50,fill=orange!20] (ohci) {OHCI}; 
\node[item,right=of ohci,yshift=-15mm,draw=yellow!70,fill=yellow!35] (dev1) {Device}; 
\node[item,right=of ohci,yshift=0mm,draw=yellow!70,fill=yellow!35] (dev2) {Device}; 
\node[item,right=of ohci,yshift=15mm,draw=yellow!70,fill=yellow!35] (dev3) {Device}; 

\draw[thick] (app1) -- (stack) 
      (app2) -- (stack) 
      (stack) -- (ohci) 
      (ohci) -- (dev1) 
      (ohci) -- (dev2) 
      (ohci) -- (dev3); 

\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=1mm] (topUser) at (app1.east |- dev3.north) {}; 
\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=-1mm,label=above left:User space] (botUser) at (app1.east |- dev1.south) {}; 
\draw[dashed] (topUser) -- (botUser); 

\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=1mm] (topKern) at (stack.east |- dev3.north) {}; 
\node[xshift=7mm,yshift=-1mm,label=above left:Kernel space, 
label=above right:Hardware\phantom{p}] (botKern) at (stack.east |- dev1.south) {}; 
\draw[dashed] (topKern) -- (botKern); 
\end{tikzpicture} 

对此我难受的事情是：

如何我已经手动移动“应用程序”和“设备”节点使用yshift将它们彼此分开;我确信必须有一种更优雅的方式来制作简单的树状结构

从图片顶部到底部的行（topKern -- botKern和topUser -- botUser）使用xshift=7mm将这些手动对齐在x轴上以在两个节点之间。

我使用\phantom{p}确保标签“硬件”具有与其他两个标签相同的基准。

Answer 1

要构建树状结构，请参阅pgfmanual.pdf，Making Trees Grow。

对于线条，我会创建表示在两个节点中间的节点，然后像使用垂直坐标系一样。您也可以使用current bounding box来识别“边界”。

要正确对齐基线，请指定text height和text depth。你的情况，例如在every label的风格。但是，正如你看到的，我做的标签，如下节点...

\begin{tikzpicture}[level distance=35mm,node distance=15mm,text height=1.5ex,text depth=0.25ex] 

\begin{scope}[every node/.style={rounded corners,rectangle,thick,minimum width=20mm, minimum height=10mm}] 
\begin{scope}[level 1/.style={sibling distance=19mm,nodes={fill=green!20,draw=green!50}}] 
\node[draw=blue!50,fill=blue!20] (stack) {1394 Stack} [grow=left] 
    child {node (app2) {Application}} 
    child {node (app1) {Application}}; 
\end{scope} 

\begin{scope}[level 1/.style={sibling distance=15mm,nodes={fill=yellow!70,draw=yellow!35}}] 
\node[right= of stack,draw=orange!50,fill=orange!20] (ohci) {OHCI} [grow=right] 
    child {node {Device}} 
    child {node {Device}} 
    child {node {Device}}; 
\end{scope} 
\end{scope} 

\node[below=0mm of app1] (userspace) {User space}; 
\node at (userspace -| stack) (kernel) {Kernel}; 
\node at (userspace -| ohci) (hardware) {Hardware}; 

\path (app1) -- (stack) node[coordinate,midway] (between1) {}; 
\draw (ohci) -- (stack) node[coordinate,midway] (between2) {}; 

\draw[dashed] (current bounding box.north -| between1) -- (current bounding box.south -| between1); 
\draw[dashed] (current bounding box.north -| between2) -- (current bounding box.south -| between2); 

\end{tikzpicture}